Frequency of obesity in children when enrolling school

Cilj istraživanja: Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi učestalost pretilosti i rizika za razvoj pretilosti djece pri upisu u 1. razred osnovne škole na području grada Trogira, odrediti potencijalne razlike obzirom na spol djece te utjecaj socio-ekonomskih čimbenika. Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanje je uključeno 564 djece koja su upisivala 1. razred osnovne škole na području Trogira u razdoblju od 2016. do 2018. godine. Retrospektivnom analizom medicinske dokumentacije u Službi za školsku medicinu ispostave Trogir prikupljeni su podaci o: tjelesnoj masi, tjelesnoj visini, indeksu tjelesne mase i socio-ekonomskom statusu roditelja u smislu pariteta i obrazovanja. Kao dijagnostički kriterij pretilosti i rizika za razvoj pretilosti upotrijebljene su nacionalne referentne vrijednosti po spolu i dobi. Rezultati: U promatranoj skupini, učestalost pretilosti u djece je 4,3%, a učestalost rizika za razvoj pretilosti je 11%. Nema statistički značajne razlike u učestalosti pretilosti niti rizika za razvoj pretilosti obzirom na spol. Obrazovanje očeva značajno utječe na na učestalost pretilosti i učestalost rizika za nastanak pretilosti. Očevi s višom razinom obrazovanja imaju djecu sa značajno nižim ITM-om u odnosu na djecu očeva niže razine obrazovanja (p = 0,043). Obrazovanje majke nije pokazalo statistički značajan utjecaj na ITM djece. Zaključci: Učestalosti pretilosti i rizika za razvoj pretilosti u provedenom istraživanju je manja u usporedbi sa djecom sličnih nacionalnih internacionalnih istraživanja što se može djelomično pripisati primjeni različitih dijagnostičkih kriterija, ali i senzibilizacijom na problem pretilosti i od strane roditelja i zdravstvenih djelatnika u promatranoj sredini. Više obrazovani očevi imaju pozitivno djelovanje na smanjenje učestalosti pretilosti i vrijednosti ITM-a djece. Uočena je potencijalna povezanost većeg pariteta i niže učestalosti pretilosti djece.Objectives and background: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of obesity and risk for developing obesity in children at enrollment in 1st grade of primary school in the area of Trogir town, to determine the potential gender difference and the influence of socio-economic factors in the frequency of obesity and the risk of developing obesity. Patients and methods: The survey included 564 children who were about to enroll in the first grade of elementary school in the area of Trogir in the period from 2016 to 2018. Retrospective analysis of children's cardboard at the Department of School Medicine in Trogir has collected the following data: body mass, body height, body mass index and socio-economic status of parents in terms of parity and education. As a diagnostic criterion, national reference values were used for sex by Jureša for age 6.5 years. Results: In the observed cohort, the frequency of obesity among children is 4.3%, and the risk of developing obesity is 11%. There are no statistically significant differences in sex frequency. Fathers education has a significant impact on the frequency of obesity and the risk of obesity. Namely, our research has shown that fathers with higher levels of education have children with lower BMI compared to children of lower educated fathers (p = 0.043). Mothers' education did not show a statistically significant effect on children's BMI. Conclusions: Preschoolers in our research have a significantly lower percentage of obesity and obesity risk compared to children in other similar studies. This can be partially attributed to the use of different diagnostic criteria in other researches. More educated fathers of Trogir have a positive effect on the reduction of pre-school BMI. A potential link has been noticed between the higher parity of parents and the lower frequency of obesity among children