Supramolecular architectures of copper (II) halide complexes with amine and lactame derivates of pyrazine and pyrimidine

Ovaj diplomski rad sastoji se od dvije cjeline: istraživačkog i metodičkog dijela. U istraživačkom dijelu rada priređen je niz koordinacijskih polimera bakra(I) i bakra(II) s pirimidin-4- onom (4-pym), pirazin-2-onom (2-pyz) i 2-aminopirazinom(2-NH2pz) te kloridnim i bromidnim protuionima kao ligandima. Kristalne strukture spojeva [CuCl2(4-pym)2]n, [CuBr2(4-pym)2]n, [CuCl2(2- NH2pz)2]n, [CuCl2(2-pyz)2]n, [CuBr(2-pyz)]n određene su rendgenskom strukturnom analizom. Spojevi su okarakterizirani metodom rendgenske difrakcije u polikristalnom uzorku, termogravimetrijskom analizom, diferencijalnom skenirajućom kalorimetrijom te su izmjerena i magnetska svojstva bakrovih(II) spojeva. Ustanovljeno je da je supramolekulski motiv lanca C(4) koji je općenito opažen u kristalnim strukturama amida održiv i u metalo-organskoj sredini neovisno o organskom ligandu, oksidacijskom stanju te koordinaciji bakra. Uočen je utjecaj protuiona na magnetsko ponašanje spojeva. U metodičkom dijelu rada pod naslovom „Valencija-temeljni kemijski pojam“, provedeno je preliminarno istraživanje studentskih poteškoća vezanih za pojam valencija u studentskoj populaciji različitih godina studija. Studentska pogrešna shvaćanja pojma valencije atoma kemijskog elementa najčešće su vezane uz broj veza koje atom ostvaruje ili uz broj svih valentnih elektrona. U sklopu prijedloga nastavnog sata dizajniran je višenamjenski trodimenzionalni periodni sustav elemenata za slijepe i slabovidne učenike „Vitez Čovek“.This Diploma thesis consists of two parts: the research part and the methodical part. In the research part, a series of coordination polymers of copper(I) and (II) with pyrazine and pyrimidone derivatives and various counterions (chloride, bromide) were prepared: [CuCl2(4- pym)2]n, [CuBr2(4-pym)2]n, [CuCl2(2-NH2pz)2]n, [CuCl2(2-pyz)2]n, [CuBr(2-pyz)]n. The crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. The complexes were studied by infrared spectroscopy, PXRD methods, thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. All the obtained derivatives exibit hydrogen bonds between ligand molecules and form supramolecular chain motifs. It has been shown that the desired supramolecular synthons, the catemeric C(4) chains, can be transfered from organic to metal-organic systems regardless of the ligand, oxydation state or the coordination geometries of the copper ions. Furthermore, the influence of a counterion on magnetic behaviour is also observed. In the methodological part of the Thesis entitled „Valence-basic chemical concept", the research on student understanding of valence is described. Many students´ answers suggested a belief that valence is equal to number of all valence electrons and to number of bonds regardless of the year of the study. Within suggested one hour lesson, the didactic-metodological multipurpose three-dimensional periodic system of elements “Vitez Čovek” for blind and visually impaired students was designed