Secretome of mesenchymal stem cells as a new tool for central nervous system regenerative medicine

Introduction: The low regeneration potential of the central nervous system (CNS) represents a challenge for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as a possible therapeutic tool for CNS disorders. Their secretome possesses a broad range of neuroregulatory factors that could promote an increase in neurogenesis, inhibition of apoptosis/glial scar, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, neuronal and glial cell survival, as well as relevant neuroprotective actions into different pathophysiological contexts. In the present work the role of the secretome of MSCs, from different sources, in vitro and in vivo neuronal/glial survival was addressed. Additionally the possible applications of secretome based therapies (with no cell transplantation) for Parkinson’s Disease (PD) regenerative medicine was also screened. Finally new trends on how to modulate the secretome MSCs were also explored