Adaptive Quality of Service based Routing for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks with Ant Colony Optimization

International audienceDeveloping highly efficient routing protocols for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) is a challenging task mainly due to the special characters of such networks: large-scale sizes, frequent link disconnections and rapid topology changes. In this paper, we propose an adaptive quality of service (QoS) based routing for VANETs called AQRV. This new routing protocol is to adaptively choose the intersections through which data packets pass to reach the destination, and the selected route should satisfy with the QoS constraints and fulfill the best QoS in terms of three metrics, namely connectivity probability, packet delivery ratio and delay. To achieve the above objectives, we mathematically formulate the routing selection issue as a constrained optimization problem, and propose an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based algorithm to solve this problem. In addition, a terminal intersection concept is presented to decrease routing exploration time and alleviate network congestion. Moreover, in order to decrease network overhead, we propose Local QoS Models (LQM) to estimate real-time and complete QoS of urban road segments. Simulation results validate our derived LQM models and show the effectiveness of AQRV