Question of reliability and problems with poligraphy

Poligrafiranje je metoda, ki se uporablja tako v kriminalistiki kot tudi na drugih področjih, ki niso obravnavana v nalogi. Metoda je znana tako rekoč po vsem svetu, čeprav je v večini držav uporaba močno omejena, izključno na predkazenski postopek ali pa se sploh ne uporabljajo na nobeni stopnji preiskav kaznivega dejanja. Zaradi nasprotujočih si mnenj, glede zanesljivosti, se po svetu razlikuje privrženost. Od primerov, kjer je uporaba poligrafa prepovedana, do držav, ki dopuščajo uporabo rezultatov tudi v samem kazenskem postopku. V sami nalogi so predstavljena dejstva in metode poligrafskega testiranja, na podlagi katerih si bralec lahko sam ustvari mnenje kot nasprotnik ali kot zagovornik uporabe omenjenih tehnik. Skozi nalogo ugotovimo, da se na tem področju ne vlaga trud v napredovanje in razvoj, s čimer pa menim, da bi se v veliki meri lahko presegle pomanjkljivosti, ki omejujejo uporabo. V uvodnem delu diplomske naloge je predstavljeno nekaj osnov same poligrafske naprave in potek poligrafskega testiranja kot tudi kratka zgodovina uporabe. Pozornost je posvečena tudi vprašanjem zanesljivosti rezultatov poligrafskega testiranja in prikazu izsledkov nekaterih študij, ki so preverjale zanesljivost te metode, katere vrednosti se raztezajo od petdeset do nad petindevetdeset odstotkov. Opisane pa so tudi različne dileme pri uporabi poligrafa, ki se delijo na strokovne dileme, ki se nanašajo na samo izvedbo postopka in vrednotenje rezultatov, ter na pravne dileme, ki se nanašajo na pravni status uporabe poligrafa. Za razumevanje, tako zagovornikov kot tudi nasprotnikov poligrafskega testiranja, je del naloge usmerjen v pregled posameznih tehnik poligrafskega testiranja in samih postopkov.Polygraph testing is a method used in the field of criminalistics and also in some other areas that were not the focus of our paper. The method is well-known all over the world, even though its use is severely restricted in most countriesit is only used in pre-trial processes or not in any stage of a criminal investigation. Because of opposing viewpoints about the reliability of a polygraph, this method is not equally accepted everywhere. There are, for example, some countries where the use of a polygraph is forbidden and other countries in which they allow the results of a polygraph examination to be used in the actual trial process. This paper presents the facts and the methods used in polygraph testing, on the basis of which every person is able to decide whether they support or oppose polygraph testing. Our study showed that there is not enough effort being invested in the progress and the development, which, in our opinion, would help to overcome the shortcomings affecting the use of the polygraph. In the first part of our paper, we introduce some basic terms related to the polygraph instrument. We go on to explain the process of polygraph testing and briefly present its history. This paper also studies how reliable the polygraph examination results are and reviews the results of some studies investigating the reliability of this method, the values of which range from 50 to over 95 percent. The paper also discusses some dilemmas in using a polygraph—the testing procedure and the evaluation of results as well as the legal status of the polygraph. To be able to understand the supporting and opposing arguments about polygraph testing, a part of the paper focuses on the various techniques and procedures used in polygraph testing