Urinary biomarker for prostate cancer

The early diagnosis of prostate cancer and the identification of new prognostic factors are the most important targets in the prostate cancer research. This study tests a panel of cancer-specific markers in urine samples in order to have an early PC (Prostate Cancer) diagnosis. 120 urine samples have been collected right after DRE (Digital Rectal Exam ) of the 120 candidates for biopsy and tested. Using the Real-Time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique the PCA3 (Prostate Cancer gene 3) expression and the methylation stutus of GSTP1 (Glutathione S-transferase P) are evaluated. The PSA (Prostate Specific Antigene) has been studied in every patient. The results show that PCA3 is over-expressed in the prostate cancer cells while it is not discriminatory in patients with PIN (Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia), PIA (Proliferative Inflammatory Atrophy) and PBH (Prostatic Benign Hypertrophy). As GSTP1 in PC is hypo-methylated in PIA and PIN 40-80% is methylated. The PSA is not significant for PC, PIN and PIA but it is significant for PBI at 80%. The patients showing an over-expression PCA3 will show a PC positive biopsy. GSTP1’s methylation is correlated with carcinogenesis process and, more specifically, with PC due to its role in cellular cycle regulation