Prevalência de gestação em adolescentes escolares do Brasil e fatores associados

Objectives: To analyse the prevalence and factors associated with pregancy in school adolescents in Brazil. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE), for the year of 2015. Female adolescents from 13 to 17 years of age were included. The dependent variable was pregnancy. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0, Chi-square test was applied and prevalence ratios (PR), with 95% CI were obtained, results were considered statistically significant when p value was less than 5%. A model of Multivariate Analysis by Logistic Regression was used, based on a Hierarchical Model. Results: The study included data concerning 11,850 adolescents. The prevalence of pregnancy among adolescents who had already started sexual activity was 11.5%. There was a predominance of non-white skin color (61.2%), age above 15 years (60.4%), studying at public schools (77.2%), not living with their mothers (12.8%), or with their fathers (38.5%) and, with a low level of maternal schooling (68.2%). Regarding the outcome, there was a statistically significant association between white skin color (adjusted RP: 2.39, p <0.001), age above 15 years (adjusted RP: 1.80, p: 0.014), day shift (adjusted RP: 2.01, p <0.001), not living with their mothers (adjusted PR: 2.67, p <0.001), not living with their fathers (adjusted PR: 1.49, p: 0.022), low maternal schooling (adjusted RP: 2.48, p<0,001) and relating sexual violence (adjusted PR: 2.13, p: 0.020). Conclusion: About 11% of school children who reported having already started sexual intercourse had already become pregnant. Associations were found between pregnancy and socio-demographic aspects, related to school, lifestyle habits and sexual behavior. The school can be seen as a conducive environment for the development of educational and socio-cultural health strategies.Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados à gestação em adolescentes escolares do Brasil. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE), ano de 2015. Analisados adolescentes femininas na faixa etária de 13 a 17 anos. A variável dependente foi gestação. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS 18.0, teste Qui-quadrado e razão de prevalência, com IC 95%, considerados com significância estatística p≤0,05. Foi utilizado o modelo de Análise Multivariada por Regressão Logística, tendo como referência um Modelo de Análise Hierarquizada. Resultados: Estudo composto por dados de 11.850 adolescentes. Houve prevalência de 11,5% de gestação entre os adolescentes que já iniciaram atividade sexual. Observou-se predomínio da cor não branca (61,2%), com mais de 15 anos (60,4%), de escola pública (77,2%), que não moram com a mãe (12,8%), que não moram com o pai (38,5%), com baixo nível de escolaridade materna (68,2%). Em relação ao desfecho, houve associação, com significância estatística entre raça branca (RP ajustada: 2,39; p<0,001), idade acima de 15 anos (RP ajustada: 1,80; p:0,014), turno diurno (RP ajustada: 2,01; p<0,001), não mora com mãe (RP ajustada: 2,67; p<0,001), não mora com o pai (RP ajustada:1,49; p:0,022), baixa escolaridade materna (RP ajustada: 2,48; p