DETERMINE: Novel Radar Techniques for Humanitarian Demining

Today the plague of landmines represent one of the greatest curses of modern time, killing and maiming innocent people every day. It is not easy to provide a global estimate of the problem dimension, however, reported casualties describe that the majority of the victims are civilians, with almost a half represented by children. Among all the technologies that are currently employed for landmine clearance, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is one of those expected to increase the efficiency of operation, even if its high-resolution imaging capability and the possibility of detecting also non-metallic landmines are unfortunately balanced by the high sensor false alarm rate. Most landmines may be considered as multiple layered dielectric cylinders that interact with each other to produce multiple reflections, which will be not the case for other common clutter objects. Considering that each scattering component has its own angular radiation pattern, the research has evaluated the improvements that multistatic configurations could bring to the collected information content. Employing representative landmine models, a number of experimental campaigns have confirmed that GPR is capable of detecting the internal reflections and that the presence of such scattering components could be highlighted changing the antennas offset. In particular, results show that the information that can be extracted relevantly changes with the antenna separation, demonstrating that this approach can provide better confidence in the discrimination and recognition process. The proposed bistatic approach aims at exploiting possible presence of internal structure beneath the target, which for landmines means the activation or detonation assemblies and possible internal material diversity, maintaining a limited acquisition effort. Such bistatic configurations are then included in a conceptual design of a highly flexible GPR system capable of searching for landmines across a large variety of terrains, at reasonably low cost and targeting operators safety