Evolution of social (welfare) state model and its influence on the social security of France.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos Prancūzijos socialinės (gerovės) valstybės susiformavimo prielaidos nuo Didžiosios Prancūzijos revoliucijos (1798 m.) ir jos raida iki šiuolaikinio socialinės (gerovės) valstybės modelio, taip pat Prancūzijos socialinės (gerovės) valstybės modelio įtaka socialinės apsaugos teisių garantijoms ir teisiniam reguliavimui Prancūzijos Respublikoje. Taip pat aptariama gerovės (socialinės) valstybės teorinė samprata, analizuojama šiuolaikinės gerovės valstybės Prancūzijoje koncepcija ir nagrinėjamos konkrečios socialinės apsaugos teisių garantijos, atsiradusios iš socialinės (gerovės) valstybės koncepcijos. Be to, pateikiamos išvados, susijusios su socialinės (gerovės) valstybės raidos etapų klasifikavimu bei socialinės apsaugos pagrindinių principų (tokių kaip socialinis solidarumas) įtvirtinimu Prancūzijos teisės sistemoje. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: socialinė (gerovės) valstybė, socialinė apsauga, socialinis solidarumas, Prancūzijos teisinė sistema.The main social invention of the 20th century (notwithstanding certain features appearing in earlier periods), the Welfare or, in other words, social state, is marked in metamorphosis history. The changes, related to the rise of industrial society, the imposition of scientific positivism, the denial of the traditional concept of solidarity, which took place in the 19th century created the assumptions to recognize the state in the only aspect – as a force tool which needs to be overcome. Such an attitude in democratic states implied the need to restore confidence in the state: by assuring citizens of the welfare and complementing the concept of democracy with new aspects, including the solution of economic and social issues. The development of public services, the disbursement of social security, the protection of employees’ collective rights and freedoms gave the state the form which, in accordance with Article 1 of the Constitution of France, is called the Social Republic, and which sometimes is called the Welfare State. A social state is an officially, either nationally or internationally, indefinable term, whose synonym in the contemporary context could be considered the concept of the Welfare State. It could be understood in the narrow sense (defining it solely through the social security) and in the broad sense (in addition to social security including public services, labour law and economic policy). Nevertheless, the contemporary welfare state is a state, whose social rights enshrined in legal acts guarantee the right to a payment, allowance or other form of assistance based on solidarity, to every member of society who has been at a certain risk. This article reveals the stages of development of France as a Welfare State up to its contemporary model which shall be regarded as a good example of the western model of contemporary welfare state. On a global scale this development theoretically could be divided into three stages: pre-revolutionary, early post-revolutionary (the absence of any state intervention), late post-revolutionary (when the state plays an active role in social relations of the society again). However, the beginning of such a model of the Welfare State of France, as it is understood these days, shall be considered only after the Revolution. This period is marked by three significant dates: 1945, 1967 and 1996, when the essential features of the contemporary French model of the Welfare State were formed. Solidarity is the foundation of the contemporary French model of a social state, launched since 1945. On this basis, a social security system is being funded, forming a whole range of collective measures (in the fields of family, health, retirement and professional occupation), enabling individuals to cope with financial consequences of social risks, leading to a reduction in resources or an increase in costs