Radiation emergencies with radiological impacts in the Czech Republic

Ionizing radiation is currently being used in many fields (radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, accelerators, flaw detectors, industry). In particular, open radionuclide sources are used in nuclear medicine departments, radiotherapy workplaces and, in industrial applications, it is usually closed radionuclide sources or so-called. Radiation generators, the main component of which is the X-ray. Of course, there is a certain risk of developing accident exposure situations. These situations are preceded by a system of radiation protection and emergency preparedness. Most of these measures can be found in the workplace internal emergency Plan document. The theoretical part of the thesis provides basic information about radioactivity and sources of ionizing radiation. In addition, the radiation protection system, the biological effects of ionizing radiation, the quantities used in radiation protection, the medical application of the IZ and the use of it in the industry are described in the work. The text of the research question is as follows: "which workplaces with sources of ionizing radiation in the Czech Republic have the greatest potential for the occurrence of an accident exposure situation with radiological implications? As a research methodology, the collection of information from professional publications with this theme was chosen. In addition, there were consultations with radiological physics at the Department of Nuclear Medicine and radiotherapy in České Budějovice Hospital, A.S. and with the inspectors of the SÚJB, where the resulting radiological incidents are reported. The work also includes a comparison of the system of radiation protection and emergency preparedness on the different types of workplaces. The practical part describes the types of workplaces that I have compared with each other. In particular, I have focused on the workplace using IZ in industry and medicine, i.e. deftoscopical workplace and Nuclear medicine workplace. The work provides an overview of the potential and occurrence of the radiative emergencies and the circumstances in which they were recorded. The aim of the work was to compare workplaces with sources of ionizing radiation and to sort them according to the possibility of radiation emergencies. A simple analysis found a more likely occurrence of a radiation incident at the workplace of industrial radiography versus a nuclear medicine site