Effect of the sudden death of the citrus on the nutritional state of the varieties pêra rio and natal in the lemon tree cravo

A citricultura brasileira é a maior do mundo, sendo uma das principais culturas produzidas no Brasil, no entanto há 5 anos esta vem sofrendo com a chegada da morte súbita do citros, principalmente no sul do Triângulo Mineiro e norte de São Paulo. Com o objetivo de avaliar o estado nutricional de plantas em estágios de sintomatologia da morte súbita do citros e fazer o acompanhamento da fertilidade do solo nessas áreas para fim de comparação da eficiência de absorção dos nutrientes, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em um pomar comercial situado no município de Frutal -MG. Utilizaram-se duas variedades de citros, Pêra Rio e Natal, sobre o limoeiro Cravo ambas com 14 anos. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (plantas sadias e em três estágios da morte súbita) e quatro repetições, sendo dispostos em parcelas subdivididas no tempo. As plantas com morte súbita foram diagnosticadas pelos sintomas visuais. As coletas tiveram inicio no dia 24 de junho de 2003 e terminaram dia 13 de dezembro do mesmo ano, e foram realizadas em intervalos regulares de 35 dias. Em cada coleta foram separadas as folhas, galhos, casca do tronco e raízes de cada planta para se determinar a concentração dos nutrientes, com o solo também foi determinado o teor nutricional do mesmo. Na variedade Pêra Rio, o comportamento dos nutrientes foram os seguintes: nas folhas as concentrações de fósforo, potássio, enxofre e boro diminuíram com o avanço da doença e a de zinco aumentou; nos galhos as concentrações de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio diminuíram e as de cobre, ferro, manganês e zinco aumentaram; na casca do tronco o ferro e o manganês diminuíram e finalmente nas raízes as concentrações de nitrogênio, cálcio, enxofre, boro, ferro e zinco diminuíram. Na variedade Natal, o comportamento dos nutrientes foi um pouco diferente: nas folhas a concentração de potássio diminuiu com o avanço da doença; nos galhos as concentrações de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio diminuíram e a de manganês aumentou; na casca do tronco o potássio e o boro diminuíram e o magnésio e manganês aumentaram e finalmente nas raízes as concentrações enxofre, boro e zinco diminuíram. Quanto ao solo, este não influenciou nas alterações nutricionais que ocorreram com as plantas, pois com a evolução da doença os teores permaneceram inalteradosThe Brazilian culture of citrus is the greater of the world, it is one of the main cultures produced in Brazil, however it has been for 5 years suffering with the arrival of the sudden death in citrus, mainly in the south of the Triângulo Mineiro and north of São Paulo. With the objective to evaluate the nutritional condition of plants in levels of symptoms in the sudden death of citrus and making the accompaniment of the soil fertility soil in these areas with purpose of comparison of the efficiency nutrients absorption nutrients, two experiments in a commercial orchard situated in the city of Frutal - MG had been lead. Two varieties of citrus had been used, Pêra Rio and Natal, in the lemon tree Cravo both with 14 years. The experimental design was entirely randomized with four treatments (healthy plants and in three levels of sudden death) and four repetitions, in split plot in time. The plants with sudden death had been diagnosised by the visual symptoms. The assessments had begun in day 24 of June of 2003 and finished December 13 of this year, and had been carried through regular intervals of 35 days. In each assessments the leaves, twigs, rind of the trunk and roots had been separate to determine the nutrients concentration were determined the nutritional content of the soil either. In the variety Pera Rio, the behavior of the nutrients had been the following ones: in leaves the concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and boron had diminished with the advance of the illness, and zinc was increased. In the twigs the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium had diminished and of copper, iron, manganese and zinc had increased. In the rind of the trunk the iron and the manganese had diminished and finally in the roots the concentrations of nitrogen, calcium, sulphur, boron, iron and zinc had diminished. In the variety Natal, the behavior of the nutrients was a little different of Pêra Rio: in leaves the potassium concentration diminished with the advance of the illness. In the twigs the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium had diminished and manganese was increased. In the rind of the trunk the potassium and the boron had diminished and the magnesium and manganese had increased and finally in the roots the concentrations sulphur, boron and zinc had diminished. The soil didn't influence in the nutritionals alterations that had occurred with the plants, with the evolution of the illness the content had remained unchange