Įmonės finansinio sverto poveikis finansinės apskaitos metodų pasirinkimui

Finansinės apskaitos metodai – įmonės apskaitos politikos sudedamoji dalis, daranti didelę įtaką finansinės atskaitomybės rezultatams. Kiekvienos įmonės vadovui LR Buhalterinės apskaitos įstatyme (2001) numatyta prievolė parinkti apskaitos politiką. Apskaitos metodų pasirinkimas yra labai suvaržytas įstatymų normų, bet įmonei palikta galimybių pasirinkti vieną iš keleto alternatyvių apskaitos metodų: vadovas nusprendžia, kokia apskaitos strategija bus naudojama praktiškai – pelną didinanti ar pelną mažinanti, o apskaitos informacijos vartotojams, pagal apskaitos duomenis priimantiems sprendimus, naudinga žinoti, nuo kokių veiksnių priklauso apskaitos metodų pasirinkimasOne of the three main hypotheses of Positive Accounting Theory states “Ceteris paribus, the higher a firm’s debt/equity ratio, the more likely the firm’s manager is to choose accounting procedures that shift reported earnings from future periods to the current period”. This proposition is based on the statement, that a default on a debt contract is costly, so contracts that define a breach in terms of accounting numbers provide managers with incentives to choose accounting procedures that reduce the probability of a breach. They would like to choose procedures that increase assets, reduce liabilities, increase revenue, and decrease expense (i.e., are nonconservative). This hypothesis is being confirmed by empirical research conducted elsewhere, however, influence of leverage on accounting method choice has not been investigated in Lithuania. Correlation analysis indicated, that Leverage hypothesis was not supported in Lithuanian companies, because majority of firms independently from their debt/equity ratio choose income increasing accounting (depreciation of fixed assets and valuation of inventory) methods. Such a choice could be explained by unfavourable tax system for income decreasing accounting methods, also by companies’ attempts to minimise information production costs. While changing tax laws, increasing availability of companies financial accounting data, further research in this field is neededVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij