Darbo ir šeimos derinimas bei prokreaciniai Lietuvos gyventojų ketinimai

Bandydamos išspresti gimstamumo problemas, daugelis šaliu iškelia darbo ir šeimos, darbo ir asmeninio gyvenimo suderinimo klausimus. Iš pagrindiniu priemoniu, galinciu teigiamai paveikti gimstamuma, daugelis mokslininku išskiria finansini skatinima (išmokas, mokesciu nuolaidas ir pan.), parama tevams, siekiantiems derinti darba, šeimos ir laisvalaiki bei ivairias socialines strukturaemiancias vaikus ir tevyste (užimtumo skatinima, vaikui palankia aplinka ir pan.). Pastaruoju metu, kaip rodo tarptautiniai tyrimai ir viešosios politikos dokumentai, prioritetine tapo darbo, šeimos ir laisvalaikio derinimo kryptis, integruojanti užimtumo, šeimos ir lyciu lygybes politika. Šio straipsnio tikslas – išsiaiškinti Lietuvos gyventoju darbo, šeimos ir laisvalaikio derinimo ryšius su ketinimais tureti vaiku. Straipsnis remiasi reprezentatyvia reproduktyvaus amžiaus Lietuvos gyventoju (N=1031) apklausa, atlikta 2010–2011 m. Analizei buvo panaudotas 26 klausimu blokas apie darbo–šeimos–laisvalaikio konflikto santyki su gyventoju prokreaciniais ketinimais. Atlikta gautu duomenu analize tik iš dalies patvirtino hipoteze: kuo didesnis darbo–šeimos–laisvalaikio konfliktas, tuo mažesni respondentu ketinimai tureti (daugiau) vaiku; ir šis ryšys moterims turetu buti stipresnis. Buvo nustatyti tik du hipoteze visiškai atitinkantys statistiškai reikšmingi ryšiai tarp darbo–šeimos–konflikto ir vaiku turejimo ketinimu. Vienas iš ryšiu – priešingos krypties nei hipotezeje: kuo labiau darbas trukdo šeimai ir laisvalaikiui, tuo labiau dideja tikimybe, kad vyras (o per artimiausius trejus metus – ir moteris) ketins tureti (daugiau) vaiku. Kodel ši hipoteze pasitvirtino tik iš dalies? [...]Using a wide array of theoretical and empirical studies and a national public opinion survey of Lithuanians (N=1031) of the reproductive age (18–45 y. o.) conducted in 2010–2011, within the framework of the project “Gender Inequality, Public Policy and the Future of Fertility in Lithuania,” the article examines the issue of work-life reconciliation in relation to women and men’s intentions to have children. )e hypothesis was raised that the stronger conflict the respondents experience between work, family life and leisure, the less they intend to have children or more children in the future. However, the assumption that the childbearing intentions of individuals able to reconcile their work and family will be stronger than the childbearing intentions of those who do not manage to resolve the issue of work-family reconciliation was confirmed only partially in this analysis. One of the statistically significant relationships was opposite to the raised hypothesis: the more work interfered with family and leisure, the more probable that respondents (both men and women) ever intended to have more children. In explaining this statistically significant relationship, it is necessary to keep in mind the economic situation in Lithuania. As some research demonstrates, individuals that encounter economic insecurity and uncertain socioeconomic conditions and are unable to balance their work and family, often decide to center their lives on the private sphere and invest into children (it is particularly characteristic of women). Although the conducted analysis does not allow us to make broader and more definite conclusions about the relationship between the work and family reconciliation, gender equality and fertility, it prompts us to suggest that perhaps the developed and comprehensive family policy may mitigate the negative impact of economic insecurity on fertility in a transitional economySociologijos katedraVilniaus universitetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta