Schools in Pakaunė in the 19th century

Straipsnyje aptariamos mokyklų steigimo sąlygos ir aplinkybės Pakaunėje, kurią XIX a. sudarė vietovės, priklausiusios Kauno (Vilkija, Babtai, Batniava, Čekiškė) ir Suvalkų (Garliava, Zapyškis, Rokai, Pažėrai, Girininkai) gubernijoms. Ypač daug dėmesio skiriama spaudos draudimo laikotarpio mokyklos padėčiai, lietuvių kalbos situacijai mokykloje. Pristatomos tuo metu Kauno ir Suvalkų gubernijų mokyklose dirbusių mokytojų asmenybės, jų išsilavinimas ir veiklos ypatumai, išryškinamos svarbiausios švietimo šiose gubernijose mokymo proceso skirtybės. Straipsnio tikslas ir uždaviniai: apžvelgti Pakaunės mokyklų, įkurtų Suvalkų ir Kauno gubernijoje, atsiradimo ir veiklos istoriją, apibrėžti svarbiausius šio istorinio tarpsnio pradinio švietimo ypatumus regione. Objektas: mokyklos, steigtos Pakaunėje XIX amžiuje. Metodai: istorinis lyginamasis, aprašomasis, interpretacinisThe history of education in Pakaunė is closely linked to the general social and cultural processes in this region. In 1795, after the third division of the Lithuanian-Polish state, a big part of Pakaunė (Vilkija, Čekiškė, Babtai and Batniava) belonged to Kaunas Province, it was part of the administrative unit of the Russian Empire, so the development of education here was more determined by the conditions that existed in this area of the Empire. Beginning with 1864, there was the intensive establishment of the Tsarist Primary Schools, where the aims of Russification were sought: teachers from Russian provinces who did not speak Lithuanian came here and taught children from Cyrillic books. The Russian language was the learning one. Lithuanians did not want to let their children go to these schools. Another part of Pakaunė (Aleksotas, Garliava, Pažėrai, Rokai, Girininkai, Ilgakiemis, Zapyškis, Panemunė, Šlienava and Piliuona) belonged to Augustow, and later to Suwalki province. In 1815, after the establishment of the Kingdom of Poland, all the parishes in the province of Augustow were ordered to better organize or, if not yet, establish schools. In the territories of Lithuania that belonged to this voivodship, the process of establishing schools grew considerably around 1817–1819 and continued to grow. The Veiveriai Teachers’ Seminary, established in the middle of the century in which Lithuanian teachers were trained, had a major influence on the education of this region. Their spiritual orientation in the long run was of great significance for the preservation of the Lithuanian language, culture and Lithuanian identityVilniaus universitetas, Kauno fakulteta