Cukrinių runkelių, skirtų bioetanolio gamybai, tręšimo normų tyrimai

2002 – 2004 m. Lietuvos žem s ukio universiteto Bandymu stotyje (Kauno r.) ir 2005 – 2007 m. rišk se (Panev žio r.) buvo daromi cukriniu runkeliu, skirtu bioetanolio gamybai, trešimo bandymai, siekiant nustatyti galimus gauti ju šakniavaisiu derlius. Taip pat buvo ivertinti ir Kauno augalu veisliu tyrimo stotyje darytu veisliu palyginimo bandymu duomenys. Bandymu lauko (Kauno rajonas) dirvožemis – IDg8–k (LVg–p–w–cc) karbonatingas sekliai gl jiškas išplautžemis (Calci – Epihypogleic Luvisols). Granuliometrin sud tis – vidutinio sunkumo priemolis. Dirvožemio mainu rugštingumas – pHKCL 7,0–7,2, humusas – 2,2–2,5%. Dirvožemio fosforingumas 165–173, kalingumas 119–174 mg kg-1. Panev žio rajone rišk se daryto bandymo lauko dirvožemis – giliau karbonatingas, giliau gl jiškas rudžemis (CMg-p-wcan) (Endocalcari-Endohypogleyic Cambisols), granuliometrin sud tis – lengvas priemolis. Dirvožemio pHKCL – 7,4–7,6. Dirvožemis – didelio fosforingumo bei kalingumo. Humuso kiekis – 2,4–2,8 %. 2002 – 2004 m. bandymu laukeliuose buvo auginami veisl s Anna’, o 2005 – 2007 m. – Belmonte’ veisl s cukriniai runkeliai. Bandymu duomenys parod , kad nesant cukriniu runkeliu šakniavaisiu kokyb s apribojimu, tokiu kaip amino azoto, kalio bei natrio kiekiai šakniavaisiuose, cukriniu runkeliu trešimo normas galima padidinti net du ir daugiau kartu, lyginant su nustatytomis cukraus gamybai skirtiems augalams. 2002 – 2004 m. maksimali trešimo norma – N200P150K300 cukriniu runkeliu šakniavaisiu derliu padidino 30,5–41,8 t ha-1, lyginant su netreštu variantu ir 18,4 t ha-1, lyginant su optimalia trešimo norma (N80P60K120) runkeliams, skirtiems cukraus gamybai. 2005 – 2007 m. lauko bandymu duomenimis, palankiais cukriniu runkeliu augimo metais, maksimali trešimo norma buvo dar efektyvesn : maksimalaus trešimo laukelio – N200P80K190 –Over the period of 2002 – 2004 at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture (LUA) (Kaunas region) and over the period of 2005 – 2007 in Eiriškes (Panev žys region) the trials on sugar beetroot fertilization ratios were carried out in order to determine the possible yields. Varieties comparison data obtained from the trials carried out in Kaunas Plant Varieties Research Station was assessed. The soil at the experimental Station in Kaunas region was Calci – Epihypogleic Luvisols IDg8-k (LVg-p-w-cc). Soil texture – medium loam. Exchangeable soil acidity – pHkcl 7.0– 7.2, humus – 2.2–2.5%. Phosphorus content 165–173, potassium content 119–174 mg kg-1. The soil at the experimental site in Panev žys region was Endocalcari-Endohypogleyic Cambisols (CMg-p-w-can). The soil metathesis acidity – pHkcl 7.4–7.6, humus – 2.4–2.8%. Over the period of 2002 – 2004 sugar beet variety ‘Anna’ was used in the trials, whereas, over the period 2005 – 2007 – variety ‘Belmonte’. Trial data revealed that in the cases without limitation for sugar beetroot quality such as alpha aminonitrogens, amount of natrium and potassium in the roots, the fertilization ratios in comparison with the ratios determined for the plants grown for sugar production might be increased two and more times. Over 2002 – 2004 the maximum fertilization rate – N200P150K300 resulted in sugar beetroot yield increase by 30.5–41.8 t ha-1 if compared with not fertilized variant and optimum fertilization rate N80P60K120 was determined for the sugar beetroots grown for sugar production. Data for 2005 – 2007 indicated that in the years favourable for sugar beetroot growth the efficacy of the maximum fertilization rate was even higher. In the variants of the maximum fertilization N200P80K190 the yields were by 20 t ha-1 higher than in the variants fertilized with N80P80K190Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij