Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots
- Kellici, S
- Acord, J
- Power, N
- Morgan, D
- Heil, T
- Coppo, P
- Middelkoop, V
- Baragau, I.
- Moore, K
- Raston, C
- Kellici, S
- Acord, J
- Power, N
- Morgan, D
- Heil, T
- Coppo, P
- Middelkoop, V
- Baragau, I.
- Moore, K
- Raston, C
DOIAbstract
Green fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQD) have been synthesized via hydrothermal fragmentation using a Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis (CHFS) process as a single, rapid and environmentally benign method. This is in the presence of p-phosphonic acid calix[4]arene which enhances the optical properties of the graphene quantum dots through surface functionalization, with photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 4.5%. Potential environmental impact of a lab-scale supercritical CHFS process compared with that of conventional batch processing of GQDs has been assessed using the method of the International Reference Life Cycle Data System
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