Rapid synthesis of graphene quantum dots using a continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis approach

A rapid, continuous, environmentally benign and innovative approach is employed for the synthesis of green fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQD) with low cytotoxicity by utilising a Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis (CHFS) process as an efficient cutting tool in combination with calix[4]arene tetrasulfonic acid (SCX4) as an effective particle size limiting agent