The construction of gender in Laboya, Eastern Indonesia – with a special emphasis on the exchange and ritual expression

V pričujoči magistrski nalogi smo želeli predstaviti pomen spola in menjav za prebivalce Laboye. Osredotočili smo se na to, kakšen je pri njih kulturni pomen ženskosti in moškosti, kako se to izraža v njihovih ritualih, kako je spol vključen v njihovo mitologijo in kakšno vlogo igra pri njihovih menjavah. Pri teoretičnem delu, kjer je govora o pomembnosti ritualnih menjav za reprodukcijo družbenega sistema ter o menjavah v povezavi s spolom, smo se oprli predvsem na dela Maussa (1996) in Platenkampa (2013), nadaljevanje, ki se nanaša na prebivalce Laboye, njihove rituale, menjave in predmete, ki jih med seboj menjavajo, kozmološki red ter konstrukcijo osebe, pa temelji predvsem na delih Danielle C. Gerirnaert-Martin, ki je obravnavano družbo natančno preučila. Analiza je pokazala, da spol v njihovi družbi igra pomembno vlogo: z vidika spola ne obravnavajo le oseb, temveč tudi objekte, rastline, tkanine, dejavnosti in znanje. Za Laboyo je namreč značilen socialno-kozmološki dualizem, kar pomeni, da se vse dojema z vidika dvojnosti. Menjave, ki v Laboyi potekajo ob vseh pomembnejših dogodkih, so pomembne za vzpostavljanje in ohranjanje družbenih odnosov, objektom, ki so predmeti teh menjav, pa so pripisane ženske oz. moške lastnosti.In the following master’s thesis, we wanted to present the significance of gender and exchange for the inhabitants of Laboya. We focused on the cultural significance of femininity and masculinity and how the latter is reflecting in their rituals, how gender is involved in their mythology and what role they play in their exchange. In the theoretical part, where we write about the importance of ritual exchanges for the reproduction of the social system and exchanges in relation to gender, we relied primarily on works of Mauss (1996) and Platenkamp (2013). The continuation, which relates to inhabitants of Laboya, their rituals, exchanges and objects, which they substitute between themselves, the cosmological order and the construction of the person is based primarily on the works of Danielle C. Gerirnaert-Martin, who carefully studied the considered society. The analysis has shown that gender plays an important role in their society: not only people, but also objects, plants, fabrics, activities and knowledge are addressed in terms of gender. Socio-cosmologic dualism is characteristic for Laboya, which means that everything is perceived from the point of view of duality. Exchanges that take place along all significant events in Laboya are important for the establishment and preservation of social relations, where objects of these exchanges, are attributed women or male characteristics