Riboflavin photoactivation by upconversion nanoparticles for cancer treatment
- Khaydukov, E.V.
- Mironova, K.E.
- Semchishen, V.A.
- Generalova, A.N.
- Nechaev, A.V.
- Khochenkov, D.A.
- Stepanova, E.V.
- Lebedev, O.I.
- Zvyagin, A.V.
- Deyev, S.M.
- Panchenko, V.Ya.
DOIAbstract
Riboflavin (Rf) is a vitamin and endogenous photosensitizer capable to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under UV-blue irradiation and kill cancer cells, which are characterized by the enhanced uptake of Rf. We confirmed its phototoxicity on human breast adenocarcinoma cells SK-BR-3 preincubated with 30-μM Rf and irradiated with ultraviolet light, and proved that such Rf concentrations (60 μM) are attainable in vivo in tumour site by systemic intravascular injection. In order to extend the Rf photosensitization depth in cancer tissue to 6 mm in depth, we purpose-designed core/shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs, NaYF4Yb3+Tm3+/NaYF4) capable to convert 2% of the deeply-penetrating excitation at 975 nm to ultraviolet-blue power. This...
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