Understanding victim group responses to hate crime: Shared identities, perceived similarity and intergroup emotions

Hate crimes against LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans) individuals have been shown to indirectly impact other members of the community (e.g., Noelle, 2002). However, as the LGBT community is a diverse grouping of individuals with various sexual and gender identities, we examined experimentally whether reactions were enhanced when participants shared specific subidentities with the victim (N = 126). Results indicate that, while subgroup identities may be important, they do not affect the reactions to anti-LGBT hate crimes above and beyond the superordinate LGBT identity. Instead, further correlational analyses revealed that perceived similarity to the targeted characteristic better explains the community impacts of hate crimes. We show that this similarity increases empathy for the victim which, in turn, heightens subsequent emotional reactions and related behavioral responses. The results show the utility of adding intragroup perceptions to Intergroup Emotions Theory (IET; e.g., Mackie & Smith, 2015) to better understand the community impacts of hate crimes