Xylella fastidiosa and olive quick decline syndrome (CoDiRO) in Salento (southern Italy): a chemometric 1H NMR-based preliminary study on Ogliarola salentina and Cellina di Nardò cultivar

Background: Xylella fastidiosa is a Gram-negative bacterium which lives in the xylem of plants, causing its occlusion and other alterations inducing eventually the death of the infected plants. In Salento, the sub-peninsula in the south-eastern of Apulia Region (southern Italy), the infection of X. fastidiosa has been associated with the widespread presence of CoDiRO (complex of parasitic agents that constitute the so-called “olive quick decline syndrome”) and currently represents a serious local emergence. The need to adopt specific agronomic measures to contrast the further disease spread has been recently raised. The extensive NMR-based metabolomic approach to study the metabolic effects of CoDiRO on local olive cultivars such as Ogliarola salentina and Cellina di Nardò was used. Results: In this study, the effects of a CE approved fertilizer containing zinc, copper, and citric acid, known as DENTAMET®, on CoDiRO-exhibiting olive trees infected by X. fastidiosa were studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The changes in the metabolomic profiles of aqueous extracts obtained from leaves of the two olive cultivars are reported. Upon the DENTAMET® treatments, different and opposite polyphenolic and sugars patterns in the two cultivars, which showed a different incidence and severity of disease before the treatments, were detected. Conclusions: Differences in the sugars and polyphenols content of treated versus untreated trees could potentially contribute to the syndrome monitoring and might be related to the X. fastidiosa presence