Sensitive testing of plasma HIV-1 RNA and Sanger sequencing of cellular HIV-1 DNA for the detection of drug resistance prior to starting first-line antiretroviral therapy with etravirine or efavirenz
- Geretti, Anna Maria
- Conibear, Tim
- Hill, Andrew
- Johnson, Jeffrey A.
- Tambuyzer, Lotke
- Thys, Kim
- Vingerhoets, Johan
- Van Delft, Yvon
- Rieger, A.
- Vetter, N.
- Greil, R.
- Pedersen, C.
- Storgaard, M.
- Morlat, P.
- Katlama, C.
- Durant, J.
- Cotte, L.
- Duvivier, C.
- Rey, D.
- Esser, S.
- Stellbrink, C.
- Schmidt, W.
- Stoll, M.
- Stephan, C.
- Fatkenheuer, G.
- Stoehr, A.
- Rockstroh, J.
- Banhegyi, D.
- Itzchak, L.
- Shahar, E.
- Maayan, S.
- Turner, D.
- Lazzarin, A.
- Antinori, A.
- Carosi, G.
- Minoli, L.
- Di Perri, G.
- Filice, G.
- Andreoni, M.
- Duiculescu, D.
- Rugina, S.
- Erscoiu, S.
- Streinu, A.
- Pronin, A.
- Pokrovsky, V.
- Gruzdev, B.
- Yakovlev, A.
- Voronin, E.
- Clotet, B.
- Gatell, J.
- Arribas, J.
- Podzamczer, D.
- Domingo, P.
- Alvarez, C. Miralles
- Quero, J. Hernandez
- Furrer, H.
- Feher, J.
- Johnson, M.
- Fox, J.
- Nelson, M.
- Fisher, M.
- Orkin, C.
DOIAbstract
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated strategies that may increase the yield of drug resistance testing prior to starting antiretroviral therapy (ART), and whether transmitted and polymorphic resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) correlated with virological outcomes. METHODS: We carried out retrospective testing of baseline samples from patients entering the SENSE trial of first-line ART in Europe, Russia and Israel. Prior to randomization to etravirine or efavirenz plus two nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), plasma samples underwent routine Sanger sequencing of HIV-1 RT and protease ((plasma)SS) in order to exclude patients with transmitted RAMs. Retrospectively, Sanger sequencing was repeated with HIV-1 DNA from b...
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