Potential of electromagnetic and ultrasound stimulations for bone regeneration

Gelatin-based cryogels have been seeded with human SAOS-2 osteoblasts. In order to overcome the drawbacks associated with in vitro culture systems, such as limited diffusion and inhomogeneous cell–matrix distribution, we have described the application of electromagnetic and ultrasound stimulation to physically enhance the cell culture in vitro. The results indicate that the physical stimulation of cell-seeded gelatin-based cryogels upregulates the bone matrix production