The problem of conscience in Euripides’ Orestes

Euripides’ tragedy Orestes is based on the well-known myth about Orestes, son of Agamemnon, who killed his mother to avenge the death of his father and has suffered from maddening remorse since the murder of Clytemnestra (his mother). During antiquity, this play was the most cited Ancient Greek tragedy and was repeatedly performed in theatres. In 2015, Audronė Kudulytė-Kairienė was the first to translate it into the Lithuanian language. As the article explores the problem of conscience (ἡ σύνεσις, 396) in Orestes, it seeks to address the following questions: What did the people of antiquity define as conscience? What did Euripides mean by naming the suffering of Orestes conscience? What feelings are caused by conscience? Why does the town assembly not interrupt the violence and allows Orestes to continue the killing? The conclusions of the article summarize that Euripides depicted conscience as Orestes’ intuitive knowing that he had committed a crime. The poet does not reveal the origin of that knowing, but it is related to the transcendental knowledge of the truth. Euripides reveals indirectly that the knowing is instilled by the deity Erinys. The protagonist’s feelings of fear, shame and guilt are caused by conscience, and when Orestes’ mind tries to ignore these feelings, his conscience drives him mad and he has visions...