The problem of establishing subject of democracy in european union: interaction and relation between institutional and cultural aspects

The primary aim of this thesis is to find out whether a theoretically valid possibility to create a functional and complete subject of EU democracy exists on the basis of major academic approaches to European Union’s democratic status and prospects. The main object of this thesis - subject of European democracy as an imperative condition for democracy in European Union. As a result of the research, it has been found that a gap between EU’s declared democraticity and growth of frustration with democracy, as well as debate on democracy deficit in the EU, has emerged. In this research, the object is analyzed from the perspective of the liberal-communitarian debate, which offers two different approaches in (i) field of relation between individual and state, as well as (ii) source and base of democraticity. In order to find theoretical solution to the problem of creating the subject of EU democracy, this research firstly provides in-depth review, analysis and systematic approach to theories on EU’s democratic deficit and it’s causes. Then it presents the assessment of preconditions and potentialities of political implementation of the subject of EU democracy. For this cause three main theoretical perspectives are analyzed: (i) the simulacrum model of the medieval empire by Larry Siedentop, (ii) the model of constitutional patriotism by Jürgen Habermas and (iii) criticism of the vision of democracy without nations by Pierre Manent. In the last segment this research exposes theoretical possibilities of ensuring democracy in the state of post-national European Union. The conclusion of this research suggests that in the academic literature there is yet no definite solution for creating pan-european democracy. Although this does not mean that such key to success is impossible, one has to admit that all former attempts lead to dead-end in both ‒ theoretical and empirical ‒ terms. The effort to create democratic European Union, while searching for alternative subject of democracy, lacks perspective, while suggestions to form European demos based exclusively on universal values are deemed to fail due to abscence of it’s cultural identity. Thesis suggests that democracy in Europe can only be saved with the return of modern vision of European nations, which was the main foundation and basis of the European Community at it’s very beginning