Investigation into population genetic structure of eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) and perch Perca fluviatilis L. within the context of anthropogenic activity

Seeking for a sustainable exploitation of the populations of commercialy valuable fish species without causing danger to their genetic resources it is necessary to amass extensive data about the population genetic structure of this fish species. When preparing the thesis a total of 221 eels and 262 perch were analysed. Fish samples collected in Lithuania and Latvia were studied using microsatellite DNA, the mtDNA D-loop region and mtDNA cyt b markers. Original primer pairs Ang1 and Ang2 have been designed for the mtDNA analysis of the eel. On the basis of the Anguilla genus species mtDNA D-loop region data obtained during work it can be stated that inland and territorial water bodies of Lithuania contain no A. japonica and A. rostrata species. The molecular investigations carried out indicate that the population genetic structure of the European eel is characterized by the genetic mosaic, which is formed due to the existence of reproductively isolated groups. Statistically significant genetic differentiation between the eel groups naturally recruited to Lithuania and Latvia and introduced to Lithuanian lakes has not been determined (p > 0.05). However, the eels stocked into different lakes of Lithuania differ in their genetic diversity. Pairwise comparisons of the Lithuanian and Latvian perch populations based on the mtDNA D-loop region data revealed that the perch population of Lake Drūkšiai was statistically significantly (p < 0.05) different from all other perch populations. The existence of the contact zone of different perch genetic lineages extending from the southwestern part of Lithuania to the central part of Latvia was detected. The comparison of the distribution patterns of haplotypes in Europe revealed the peculiarities of the perch populations found in the Baltic States