فعالية التمويل بالقروض الدولية والاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر على التنمية الاقتصادية في أفريقيا: دراسة مقارنة بين السودان وجنوب إفريقيا

This research deals with the effectiveness of the international loans and foreign direct investment finance on economic development in Africa, a comparative study between Sudan and south Africa. The research aimed to study the effectiveness of both international loans and FDI as finance sources to achieve economic development goals in both Sudan and South Africa, the average saving in African countries is low، specially the content has many low income countries , this why the African countries are resorts to the direct international loans and encourage the foreign direct investment. Infact, both sorts of finance has so many obstacles, so they did not success to maintain economic development. The main research problem is that, in the range of last four decades the African countries has got a lot of aids and international loans and foreign grants, from the international institution and despite of many assistance no real economic development has taken place. The research used the analytical descriptive method, many hypothese, the most important the international loans FDI did not participated in economic development in Sudan, while in South Africa it successed, and there is strong relationship between international financing polices and the accumulation indebtedness, and also there is no strategic vision in most African countries towards the loans and FDI. The research concluded to a number of results, the most important is that, the international loans, assistance and grants was not easy and available as its before, the debts is became one of the big problems of social and economic development in African countries. The main recommendations of this study it to transform the economic from economy relies on material productions only to production driven and quality driven economy, through strengthening labour efficiency and capital formalization, and management improvement, and support the competiveness of the economy, with providing the health and attractive environment for investment, in order to shift a user and importing economy to a technology producing economy