The article aims at studying the relationship between young men of Gallia Narbonensis – a province well known for its early adhesion to Roman culture – and cohortes praetoriae, which were closely linked to the imperial power. Up to here, this relationship was seen with a Roman eye, so the focus was put on “ recruiting soldiers” rather than on “ joining the army”. Time has come for a more anthropological approach, dealing with individual and familial expectations, human relationships and networks, considered at the municipal, provincial and imperial levels. In the broader perspective of a collective work on local élites in Gallia Narbonensis, the study tries to assess the meaning of service in the imperial guard, regarding social mobility, a...