Knowledge of the Teacher Education Students about Protected Plant and Animal Species in Republic of Croatia

Mnoge su biljne i životinjske vrste zbog ugroženosti zaštićene Zakonom o zaštiti prirode (2013). Među životinjama zaštićene su pojedine vrste ptica, gmazova, sisavaca, vodozemaca, riba i beskralježnjaka. Sve su one, uz biljke, ugrožene zbog onečišćenja okoliša, nestajanja njihovih prirodnih staništa te pretjerane uporabe pesticida. Najvećim se uzročnikom ugroženosti drugih vrsta smatra čovjek. Postoji devet kategorija ugroženosti biljnih i životinjskih vrsta, a to su: izumrla (EX), izumrla u prirodi (EV), regionalno izumrla (RE), kritično ugrožena (CR), ugrožena (EN), osjetljiva (VU), gotovo ugrožena (NT), najmanje zabrinjavajuća (LC) te nedovoljno poznata (DD). Republika Hrvatska potpisnica je mnogih dokumenata, odnosno ugovora kojima je utvrđena zaštita prirode. Neki od njih su: Konvencija o biološkoj raznolikosti (1992), Konvencija o zaštiti močvara (vlažnih staništa) (1971), Konvencija o međunarodnoj trgovini ugroženim vrstama divlje faune i flore (1973), Konvencija o zaštiti migratornih vrsta divljih životinja (1979) te pripadajući sporazumi te Konvencija o zaštiti svjetske kulturne i prirodne baštine (1972). Njihovim se potpisivanjem Republika Hrvatska obvezala na zaštitu prirode temeljenu na njihovim stavkama. Za potrebe izrade ovoga diplomskoga rada provedeno je istraživanje u kojemu su sudjelovali studenti od prve do pete godine Učiteljskoga studija Filozofskoga fakulteta u Splitu. Instrument istraživanja bila je anketa kojom se ispitivalo znanje studenata o zaštićenim biljnim i životinjskim vrstama na području Republike Hrvatske. Istraživanje je potvrdilo da postoji statistički značajna razlika između studenata koji znaju i ne znaju da postoji Zakon o zaštiti prirode u RH, djelomično je potvrđeno nepostojanje povezanosti između točnih odgovora i sigurnosti studenata u dani odgovor te je potvrđen najveći broj točnih odgovora studenata na tvrdnje o zaštićenim sisavcima. Studentima su najveće nepoznanice kao zaštićene biljne i životinjnske vrste bili vodeni kozlac, sredozemni galeb, tuna i šaran. Vodeni kozlac vrsta je za koju studenti smatraju da je reklit, a ne strogo zaštićena vrsta na području RH, dok za sredozemnoga galeba, tunu i šarana skoro trećina studenata nije znala da su zaštićene životinjske vrste na području Republike Hrvatske. Studenti najbolje poznaju velebitsku degeniju kao zaštićenu vrstu, a dobro poznavanje su pokazali i po pitanju sredozemne medvejdice, bjeloglavog supa i čovječe ribice. Biljne i životinjske vrste smatraju se jednim od bogatstava prirode te ih je potrebno očuvati za buduće generacije. Današnje vrijeme smatra se novim vremenom masovnoga izumiranja vrsta, stoga je očuvanje bioraznolikosti na vrhu ljestvice priroriteta zaštite prirode. Od iznimne je važnosti poštivati prirodu i propise o zaštiti biljnih i životinjskih vrsta, sudjelovati u izgradnji ekološke svijesti kod djece od najranije dobi te ih naučiti da beru samo ono što su sami posadili te da „love“ samo fotoaparatom.Many plant and animal species are protected by the Law on nature protection (2013) because of their endangerment. Among the animals are protected species of birds, reptiles, mammals, amphibians, fish and invertebrates. All of them, in addition to the plants being under threat of extinction due to environmental pollution, disappearance of natural habitat and excessive use of pesticides. The largest vectoring organism is a human. There are nine classes of endangerments species of plants and animals. These are: extinct (EX), extinct in nature (EV), regional extinct (RE), critically endangerment (CR), endangerment (EN), vulnerable (VU), almost endangerment (NT), least worrisome (LC) and insufficiently known (DD). Republic of Croatia is signatory of many documents that identified the protection of nature. Some of them are: Convention on biological diversity (1992), Convention on the protection of wetlands (1971), Convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora (1973), Convention on the protection of migratory species of wild animals (1979) and the related agreements and Convention on the protection of world cultural and natural heritage (1972). By their signing, the Republic of Croatia has committed itself to the protection of nature based on their items. For the purposes of this graduate thesis, a study was conducted involving the students from the first to the fifth year of the Teachers College at the Faculty of Philosophy in Split. The research instrument was a survey that questioned students' knowledge about protected plant and animal species in the Republic of Croatia. Research has confirmed that there is a statistically significant difference between students who know and do not know that there is a Law on nature protection in the Republic of Croatia. The absence of correlation between the correct answers and the safety of students in a given response has been partially confirmed. Also, the highest number of correct student responses to claims on protected mammals is confirmed. Students have the greatest unknowns of knowledge of protected plant and animal species as a water goat, mediterranean seagull, tuna and carp. The water goat is a species for which the students think it is a relic but strong protected species in the area of the Republic of Croatia. Almost a third of students did not know that mediterranean seagull, tuna and carp were protected species in the Republic of Croatia. Students have the best knowledge of the Velebit Degenia as a protected species, and they also showed good familiarity with the Mediterranean medvadice, the Griffon vulture and the Fish man.Plant and animal species are considered to be one of the richness of nature and must be preserved for future generations. Today's weather is considered a new time of mass extinction of species, therefore preserving biodiversity at the top of the scale of natural protection. Consequently, it is important to respect the nature and regulations on the protection of plant and animal species, to participate in the development of ecological awareness in children from the earliest age and to teach them to pick only what they have planted and to "hunt" only with a camera