Figures and rights. Data mining or statistics for checking claimants. Since 2011, the Family branch of the French social security system has been using data mining as a statistical tool to select claimants for checks. This tool serves to strengthen the policy of inspection of which it itself forms a central aspect. The type of probabilistic and predictive thinking which it implements is in line with managerial thinking in terms of " risk management", the use of which has redefined checks on claimants. This article recounts the history of the importation and use of this technique and reveals what is at stake in organisational (centralising the inspection policy and reducing the initiatives of field operatives) and socioeconomic terms (by ne...