Review on risk, risk assessment techniques, guidelines and framework in port safety

Risk management and risk assessment guidelines and framework have been widely developed for ages. Even in safety, risk assessment guidelines and framework are crucial and considered important in the safety management system of an organization. The variety and complexity of port operations lead to varied risks. These risks, if not managed well, can affect the overall business operation of the ports, which then leads to accidents. A study found that port professionals face difficulties in conducting risk assessments due to the lack of appropriate methodology and evaluation techniques to support their risk management cycles. The aim of this paper is to identify, review, and carry out comparisons to risk assessment elements in frameworks related to port terminal safety activities. The selected frameworks were summarized based on its requirements, followed by being defined by its advantages and limitations, and finally, the comparison of frameworks was carried out. The outcomes of the study will be a supplement to current knowledge on the assessment guidelines and framework of such systems, advanced risk management models, and general guidelines on the improvement of current frameworks and procedures. Concurrently, this study shall benefit the participating ports in analyzing their particular risk management systems