WACANA SPIRITUALITAS-HUMANIS DALAM NOVEL-NOVEL KARYA AYU UTAMI

This study utilizes the discourse theory of Michel Foucault’s perspective as a knife of analysis. The study in this thesis encompasses several aspects, formulating a series of production patterns of discursive formation texts by utilizing archeologygenealogy methods; describes the present of ruptures (discontinuity) and the formulation of a new episteme; and explains the power order and knowledge of spirituality in Indonesia. The results of the analysis in this thesis showed that the discourse of spirituality in the novels by Ayu Utami was not actually apart from the traces of similar discourse in Indonesia, especially in the era of New Order. By utilizing the archeology and genealogy of Michel Foucault’s, this thesis has identified and interpreted a series of discursive formations that indicated of ruptures (discontinuity). Based on the archaeological readings of the seventh novel by Ayu Utami, three patterns of discursive formation text formations are composed, such as "religious spirituality", "human creation" and "Javanese spirituality". Based on the results of in-depth reading of the discursive formation were found six ruptures as a marker of discontinuity. Some of ruptures are influenced by the socio-cultural conditions as well as the ideas and knowledge that prevailed at that time. The series of ruptures indicated a shift in the episteme of the New Order era known as “ban” and “rejection” into the new episteme of “acceptance”. While through the genealogical reading, the practice of exclusion and inclusion has found in the discourse of spirituality in Indonesia, especially in the beginning of New Order era. Prohibitions as a concept of exclusion arose in the form of policies issued by the New Order government which required the community to embrace one of the five recognized religions in Indonesia. Not recognizing the Javanese Spirituality as a religion is also a concept of rejection. The idea of “right and wrong” also comes through different sexual orientation that were previously considered as abnormal or false. The form of inclusion that appears in the novels is the persistence of spirituality movements in Indonesia. Based on archeology-genealogy readings, the spirituality discourse that carried by Ayu Utami through her novels actualy was not only trying to show the forms that have been understood by the community, but also present the practices in criticizing, breaking and unraveling the understandings that admitted as the only acceptable truth. Therefore, literary works has been proved to be not just a fictional imaginative work resulting from a series of creative and intellectual processes of the author in perceiving the socio-cultural conditions; more than that, literary work is a reaction to the problematic things that occur in contextual reality that is considered as alternative ideas in understanding a construction or related phenomenon