PENGARUH SISTEM NANOPARTIKEL ANDROGRAFOLIDA – KARBOKSIMETIL KITOSAN TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIMALARIA IN VIVO PADA MENCIT TERINFEKSI Plasmodium berghei

Andrographolide is a class of diterpene lactone obtained from the isolation of plant herb sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) which have activity like hepato protector, anticancer and anti-malarial. Andrographolide has low solubility in water, low bioavailability and half-life time is short. One of method used to improve the low solubility of andrographolide is nanoparticle systems. In this study nanoparticle was made by ionic gelation-spray drying method using cross linker (CaCl2). Characterization of the nanoparticle systems was done using SEM, FTIR, DTA, X-Ray Diffraction and in vivo antimalarial assay was also evaluated. The result showed that nanoparticle systems with polymer carboxymethyl chitosan has a rough surface and not spherical shape. The result of FTIR showed that nanoparticle systems showed sharper peaks of –OH or –NH at wave number 3434,36 cm-1 if compared with peaks of carboxymethyl chitosan. The result of DTA showed that nanoparticle systems with polymer carboxymethyl chitosan has different endothermic peak if compared with endothermic peak of andrographolide. X-Ray diffractogram of nanoparticle systems showed crystalline peak of andrographolide disappear that means crystalline peak of andrographolide was changed. The result of the in vivo antimalarial activity of nanoparticle systems andrographolide-carboxymethyl chitosan againts Plasmodium berghei has found to have an average inhibition at fifth day is 71,27 ± 6,83% and increased by 1,65 times if compared with andrographolide. In vivo antimalarial assay of nanoparticle systems andrographolide-carboxymethyl chitosan higher than andrographolide and showed significantly difference statistically. Keywords: andrographolide, in vivo antimalarial assay, ionic gelation, spray drying