(A) study of the social support perceived by children : physically handicapped and non-physically handicapped

간호학과/석사[한글] 본 연구는 지체부자유아와 정상아가 인지하는 사회적 지지정도, 크기 및 지지제공자와 그 순위등의 차이를 파악하고 사회적지지 체제의 구조적, 기능적 특성을 확인하여 지체부자유아의 사회적지지 제공을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도 되었다. 연구방법은 면접법과 질문지법에 의해 자료를 수집한 기술적 비교연구로서 연구대상자는 서울시내 1개 일반국민학교와 1개 지체부자유아 특수학교의 4, 5, 6학년 아동을 유한모집단으로 하여 지체부자유아는 대상자의 선정기준에 부합되는 전 수 아동이 선정되었고 정상아는 학년별로 체계적 표본방법에 의해 추출되어 총 112명을 연구대상자로 하였다. 연구도구는 본 연구자에 의해 개발된 아동의 사회적 지지척도를 사용하였으며 도구의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검정하는 과정을 거쳐서 사회적 지지의 유형에 따라 애착과 친밀감 4문항, 사회적통합, 가치의 확신, 조력과 지도가 3문항의 총 13개 문항으로서, 각 문항혈로 지지제공자의 유무를 측정하고, 그러한 사람이 있으면 있는 대로 순서대로 기술하게 하는 개방식 질문으로 구성되어 있고 부가적으로 아동의 사교성을 측정하는 9문항이 추가되었다. 자료수집은 1986년 11월 1일부터 11월 8일사이에 본 연구자와 조사자 2명에 의해 실시되었으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science)를 이용하여 전산처리 하였다. 자료분석방법은 두 집단의 일반적 특성은 실수, 백분율, 평균을 구하였고 두 집단의 사회적지지 제공자수 및 사회적지지 정도의 차이는 t-test로 검정하였으며 두 집단의 사회적지지 제공자의차이는 빈도를 구해 X**2-test로 분석하였다. 두 집단의 사회적지지 제공 자의 순위의 일치정도는 평균순위를 구해 순위상관계수(Spearman rank correlation coefficient)로 검정하였고 사교성과 사회적지지 정도 및 지지제공자수와의 상관관계는 Pearson product-moment coefficienct, 일반적 특성과 지지정도 및 지지제공자수와의 관계는 t-test와 ANOVA로 검정하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 지체부자유아는 정상아보다 지지제공자수를 적게 인지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다 (t=- 4.62, p<.001). (2) 지체부자유아는 정상아보다 사회적지지 정도를 낮게 인지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다(t=-3.93, p< .001). 유형별 사회적 지지에서 지체부자유아는 '가치감의 확신'을 제외한 전 지지유형에서 사회적지지 정도를 낮게 인지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. (3) 지체부자유아와 정상아는 각 지지제공자의 지지제공을 서로 다르게 인지하는 것으로 나타났다 (X**2=72.08, p < .001). 유형별 사회적지지에 있어서도 두 집단은 각 지지제공자의 지지제공을 서로 다르게 인지하는 것으로 나타났다. (4) 지체부자유아와 정상아의 지지제공자의 순위에 있어 부모, 학교친구, 학교선생님, 형제등의 의미있는 지지제공자로 나타났고 두 집단의 지지제공자의 순위의 일치도는 큰 것으로 나타났다(r^^s= .83, p<.01). (5) 사교성과 지지정도(r= .28, p< .01), 사교성과 지지제공자 수(r= .47, p< .01)는 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 친구수가 증가할수록 지지제공자 수도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(F=4.46, p< .05). 결론적으로 지체부자유아에 의해 인지되는 사회적지지 체제는 정상아와 비교해 취약성이 있는 구조적, 기능적 특성을 가지고 있으므로 이에 대한 간호중재가 필요로 되고, 따라서 본 연구는 지체부자유아의 사회적지지 제공을 위한 간호에 기초자료를 제공한데 그 의의가 있다. [영문] This study was conducted to explore the differences in characteristics of functional social support and social support networks between the perceptions of physically handicapped children and non-handicapped children. Thus , the aim of this study was to identify the structural and functional characteristics of social support system to better provide social sup-port to physically handicapped children. The research design was a comparative descriptive study and the data were obtained by use of interview and questionnaire. The subjects of this study wire obtained by use of a systematic sampling technique of children in the forth, fifth, and sixth grades in an elementary school for a normal children and all the children who met the sampling criteria in a special elementary school for physically handicapped children in Seoul. The total number of subjects in this study were 1l2. The instrument used for this study was the social support scale for children which was developed by the researcher. The scaleconsisted of 13 items devided into 4 items of attachmint and intimacy, 3 items of social integration, 3 items of reassurance of worths and 3 items of assistance and guidance according to type of social support after the instrument was examined for reliability and validity. Also each item was measured to determine whether social support was given or not. In cases where there were such persons, open questions which were arranged by rank were used and 9 items were added to measure the sociability of children. Data were collected during the Period from November 1, 1986 to November 8, 1986 by the researcher and assistant investigator. Data were analyzed by the SPSS compute program. Mean, frequency, and percentage were used to describe characteristics of the subjects. The size of the social support network and the level of the social support was determined by use of the mean store and the t-test was used to analyze the mean differences between physically handicapped children and non-handicapped children. The x**2 -test was used to analyze tile differences in the supportive source between physically handicapped children and non-handicapped children. The rank of each supportive source was determined by use of mean rank and Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze differences in mean rank between physically handicapped children and non-handicapped children. The Pearson product-moment coefficient was used to determine the relationship between sociability and the level of social support, and the relationship between sociability and the size of social support network. ANOVA and t-test were used to test the relationship between demographic characteristics and the level of social support, and the relationship between demographic characteristics and the size of social support network. The result of this were as follows ; 1. The physically handicapped children perceived that they had a fewer number of social support providers than the non-handicapped children. (t=-4.62, p< .001) 2. The physically handicapped children perceived a lower level of social support than the non-handicapped children.(t=-.3.93., p< .001) In the cases of 3 types of social support (social integration, attachment /intimacy, assistance /guidance), the handicapped children perceived a lower level of social support. 3. It was found that physically handicapped chilren and non-handicapped perceived degree of social support differently (x**2=72.08, p< .001). and also tile two groups perceived in all types of social support differently. 4. The results of this study showed that parents, school mates, school teachers, brothers and sisters were significant providers of social support and between the two groups the supportive source ranted consistently. (r^^s=.83, p< .01) 5. The relationship between sociability and the support level was a positive correlation (r=.28, p< .01), the relationship between sociability and the size of the support network snowed a positive correlation.(r=.47, p< .01) And with the increase in the number of friends, the number of support providers increased.(F=4.46, p<.05) In conclusion, it was found that the social support system perceived by physically handicapped children, in comparison to normal children, had a vulnerable structure and functional characteristics. Therfore, it can be conclude that this study provides nurses with information to increase social support to physically handicapped children.restrictio