Urinary ketone is associated with the heart failure severity.

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that urinary metabolites characterizing heart failure (HF) are associated with the magnitude of echocardiographic measurements and ultimately the severity of HF. DESIGN/METHODS: Patients with systolic HF (n=46) and control subjects (n=32) participated in this study. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were excluded. Echocardiographic measurements were performed, and selected urinary metabolites were quantified. RESULTS: Urinary levels of acetate (p<0.05), acetone (p<0.01), cytosine (p<0.001), methylmalonate (p<0.001), and phenylacetylglycine (p<0.01) were significantly higher, while 1-methylnicotinamide (p<0.05) were significantly lower in HF patients than in controls. There were significant differences in E/E' (p<0.05), urinary levels of acetate (p<0.005), acetoacetate (p<0.05), acetone (p<0.05) and ketones (p