[[alternative]]Analysis focuses on management system and effect about the Mainland China residents coming to Taiwan

碩士[[abstract]]2008 年馬英九政府執政後，兩岸交流無論是經濟或是文化上開始互動，不僅是常態性的互動，在次數上亦較以往頻繁，但回想過去，兩岸之間在政治、軍事或外交上仍存在爾虞我詐、互挖牆角之敵對狀況，除此之外，中國大陸近年來在經濟發展上日益茁壯，2010年中國大陸國內生產毛額（簡稱GDP）為39兆7938億人民幣，已超過2009年34兆903億人民幣，亦超越日本，躍居世界第二大經濟體，僅次於美國，但也存在貧富差距日益擴大之問題。 大陸人民來臺從事與許可目的不符之工作或活動，甚或中共有計畫偽裝派員進入國內進行滲透、情蒐事件，未曾間斷過，每一階段政府施政過程，大陸人民非法入境總是有機可乘，所謂「大陸人士非法入境三階段」，第一階段：偷渡、第二階段：假結婚、第三階段：脫團不歸；隨著政府新政策開放，就有新的非法入境管道，政府自2002年1月1日試辦開放陸客來臺，正式從單向開放演變成雙向往來，初期開放的對象僅為「第三類」，因成效不彰，遂於2002年5月10日所修改發布之「大陸人民來台從事觀光活動許可辦法」中，正式將「第二類」人士納入， 當時每年來臺人數由2003年12,768人升至最高2006年98,548人，如今，政府為振興國內經濟，2008年7月全面開放陸客來臺以來，人數已突破百萬人次，惟政府是否在人力的投入及安全管理機制上做好準備。 當前影響國家安全之因素，主要有國際環境、兩岸關係與國內形勢等三個面向，除傳統性的武力威脅外，許多非傳統性威脅亦逐漸增加，包括假結婚真賣淫、觀光逾期不歸、人口販運、走私、兩岸組織犯罪、政治庇護等問題，這些問題均對國家安全與社會治安帶來影響，因此，政府在配套措施尚未就位前，開放腳步仍不宜躁進，同時強化政府主管機關的安全管理機制，如入境前的審查能力，入境後聯繫、佈建工作及治安機關的查緝能量等，在良好的兩岸關係基礎上，兼顧經濟發展與國家安全下，達成維持兩岸和平與國家永續發展的雙贏目標，此為本文之研究重點。[[abstract]]After President Ma was in power in 2008, Cross-strait exchanges start to interact not only in economic but also in cultural aspect, and the number of the times of the interactions are more frequent than ever. But in the past, two sides in the politics, military or diplomacy are still in a hostile situation. Moreover, China’s economic development has increasingly grown in recent years. Mainland China’s gross domestic product (GDP) was 39 trillion and 793.8 billion yuan in 2010, more than 34 trillion and 90.3 billion yuan in 2009. China has overtaken Japan to become the world''s second-largest economy behind the United States. And the problem of the gap between the rich and the poor in China was growing rapidly. Mainland people coming to Taiwan engage in work or activities with the unapproved purposes, or China even assign disguised staff to enter Taiwan to do infiltration, and intelligence gathering event, and never stopped. Each stage of the government policy process, the illegal immigration of mainland people always take advantage of it. So called “Three phases of the illegal immigration of mainland people”, first step: Illegal Immigration, second step: Fake Marriage and third step: Escaping from the travel group and never back. With the opening of the new policy of government, there will have new illegal immigration ways. Since government put a trial policy of the opening of Mainland people coming to Taiwan since January 1, 2002, the object of the initial open only for "The Third Category." Because the effect is ineffectual, the Ministry of Interior revises the policy on "Regulations Governing the Permission for Mainland Personnel to Come to Taiwan for Tourism Activities" on May 10, 2002, which adopted “The Second Category.” The number of mainland people coming to Taiwan are 12,768 in 2003 up to 98,548 in 2006. Now, in order to revitalize domestic economy, the government fully open up mainland tourist coming to Taiwan since July, 2008 and the numbers are thousands time than before. However, whether the government do prepare appropriately on human input and security management system. The current factor which affecting the national security, there are three aspects of international environment, cross-strait relations and domestic situation. In addition to the traditional threat of force, many non-traditional threats, including fake marriages-real prostitution, overstayed tourist, human trafficking, smuggling, cross-strait organizational, political asylum, those issues made a great impact on national security and public security. Hence, before the support measures be ready, the process of opening up should not be rush. In the meanwhile, strengthening the security management system of the authorities, such as the capacity of investigation before arrival, the contact after entry, provisioning work and the investigation energy of the security organizations. The point of this study is to maintain cross-strait peace and national development on the basis of the fine cross-strait relations.[[tableofcontents]]目 錄 第一章 緒論 ..................................................................................................................... 1 第一節 研究動機與目的…….................................................................................. 1 第二節 基本概念之界定 ......................................................................................... 4 第三節 研究途徑與研究方法 ................................................................................. 7 第四節 研究架構與章節安排 ................................................................................. 10 第五節 研究範圍與研究限制 ................................................................................. 12 第二章 兩岸關係與陸客來臺政策之演進與效益 .................................................15 第一節 陸客來臺之背景因素 ................................................................................. 15 第二節 陸客來臺之相關法律依據 ......................................................................... 20 第三節 開放陸客來臺對臺灣帶來之效益 ............................................................ 29 第三章 兩岸現有之觀光管理機制 .............................................................................35 第一節 中國大陸決策與管理機制 ......................................................................... 35 第二節 臺灣決策與管理機制 ................................................................................. 39 第三節 移民署因應作為 .......................................................................................... 48 第四章 陸客脫團之分析與影響 ................................................................................. 53 第一節 陸客脫團之犯罪心態 .................................................................................. 53 第二節 陸客脫團之樣態分析 .................................................................................. 62 第三節 陸客脫團對國家、社會安全之影響............................................................68 第四節 安全管理現況檢討 .......................................................................................73 第五章 結論與建議 .........................................................................................................75 第一節 研究發現 ........................................................................................................ 75 第二節 研究建議 ......................................................................................................... 80 參考書目........................................................................................................................85 I. 專書 .................................................................................................................... 85 II. 期刊....................................................................................................................... 85 III. 論文部分............................................................................................................. 86 IV 網路資料...............................................................................................................86 V. 英文書籍.............................................................................................................. 87 圖目錄 圖1 研究架構圖....................................................................................................... 10 圖3-1 中國大陸人民赴臺旅遊決策機制架構圖.....................................................36 圖3-2 臺灣政府陸客來臺決策機制與管理架構.....................................................40 圖3-3 陸客來臺申請流程圖.......................................................................................44 圖4-1 陸配申請案件統計圖.......................................................................................57 圖4-2 脫團陸客男女比例圖.......................................................................................63 圖4-3 脫團陸客來臺目的比例圖（第一類）.........................................................64 圖4-4 脫團陸客來臺目的比例圖（第二類）.........................................................64 圖4-5 脫團陸客所屬地區比例圖..............................................................................65 圖4-6 脫團陸客年齡層男女分佈圖（第一類) .......................................................66 圖4-7 脫團陸客年齡層男女分佈圖（第二類）.....................................................66 圖4-8 脫團陸客年齡層分佈圖...................................................................................66 圖4-9 陸客脫團地點統計圖（第一類）................................................................67 圖4-10 脫團陸客教育程度統計圖（第二類）.......................................................67 圖4-11 人口販運案件統計圖.....................................................................................69 圖4-12 人口販運性剝削案件統計圖........................................................................70 圖4-13 人口販運案件安置人數統計圖....................................................................70 圖5-1 陸客來臺人數統計圖.....................................................................................76 圖5-2 陸客脫團率折線圖.........................................................................................76 表目錄 表2-1 江陳會談時地及簽署內容一覽表..................................................................19 表2-2 中國大陸赴臺旅遊相關法令整理表..............................................................23 表2-3 開放陸客來臺旅遊之法令表...........................................................................26 表2-4 陸客來臺旅遊分類表........................................................................................27 表2-5 第一類陸客來臺觀光統計表...........................................................................29 表4 國人非法雇用大陸與外國人士懲罰比較表.................................................60 表5 2008-2010年全體、日本及中國觀光客之平均每人每日消費支出表......78[[note]]學號: 799270185, 學年度: 10