[[alternative]]A study in the combination of RFID and positioning system in fire disaster rescue

碩士[[abstract]]近年來RFID (無線射頻辨識技術)被認為是影響未來全球產業發展的重要技術，甚至被列為本世紀十大重要技術項目之一，從全球應用規模來看，其市場一直呈現倍速增長，不論是在倉儲管理、遠距照護、電子收費、軍事國防、機場行李管制上皆能看到其巨大的影響，開啟了RFID全球熱潮。 火災的發生與造成的災害是無法預測的，目前RFID在民間企業與日常生活中的應用已非常廣泛，然在救災方面的應用卻寥寥無幾，台灣地狹人稠，火災發生時如何迅速掌握第一現場，清楚了解火場內待援人數與實際位置，和掌握消防員的所在地，以降低人員傷亡及財產損失，乃成為各消防單位重要之課題。 本研究結合無線射頻辨識技術與定位器(Locator)實際開發一套火場救災系統，透過遠端系統連結，火場外救災人員對火場內生還者與消防員皆可做到即時監控功能；火場內的消防員亦可透過手持式Reader來掌握即時狀況，另外改善RFID與LOCATOR之路徑演算法干擾問題和建立一套完整的消防救災資料庫，如此無論是消防員解救受災人員之效率，與消防員自身之安全，甚至災後獎懲改進，皆能有大大的提升，以達到最佳化救災效率和降低最大災害損失。[[abstract]]Everybody believes that Radio frequency identification is the important technology to affect global future industry in recent years. It is even to be concerned as one of the top ten important technologies in this century. Nowadays, the percentage of RFID applications in the market is growing continuously. It is noticed that RFID technology has caused big influences in many senses, such as storage management, telecare, electronic toll collection, military defense, airport baggage control. The world of RFID is booming. It can not be predicted when or where a fire disaster could happen, and what damages it might cause. RFID uses in private enterprises and our daily life extensively now. However, it is seldom applied in fire disaster rescue. With the population more than 23 million, it is over crowded in Taiwan. When fire disaster is happening, the key questions that we need to discuss would be how we can control the scene immediately, how many people and firemen are in the building, what their locations are, and how we can reduce the damages of casualties and property. All of these are to be realized by fire departments to conduct relief operations effectively. In this research, RFID technology combines with positioning system to develop a fire disaster system. By the remote connection system, the outside fireman can do real-time monitoring to all of people in the building, including residents and firemen. When firemen enter the building, they can use handheld reader to check situations around. The problem of signal overlap is then solved, and a complete database of fire disaster system is also established. The system greatly improves the efficiency for save people. A record is made while all the operations being taken. This provides evidence to all fire authorities that they can do actions review after fire disaster. The best efficiency and the least loss will be then accomplished.[[tableofcontents]]中文摘要------------------------------I 英文摘要----------------------------III 目錄----------------------------------V 圖目錄------------------------------VII 表目錄-------------------------------IX 第一章 序論---------------------------1 1-1、研究動機與背景-------------------1 1-2、研究目的-------------------------3 1-3、研究流程-------------------------5 第二章 文獻回顧-----------------------6 2-1、無線射頻辨識技術-----------------6 2-2、RS-232--------------------------14 2-3、Access資料庫技術----------------16 2-4、Borland Delphi 7技術------------19 2-5、定位系統相關研究----------------20 第三章 室內定位系統------------------23 3-1、無線訊號定位方法----------------23 3-2、主動式和被動式RFID定位方法------32 3-3、主動式RFID結合定位器之定位系統--34 3-4、Locator讀取路徑之訊號干擾問題---36 3-5、小結----------------------------39 第四章 系統架構與實作----------------41 4-1、整體系統架構--------------------41 4-2、室內定位架構--------------------43 4-3、設備與使用介面之介紹------------45 4-4、資料庫管理----------------------52 4-5、案例驗證------------------------55 第五章 結論與未來展望----------------60 5-1、結論----------------------------61 5-2、未來展望------------------------62 參考文獻-----------------------------63 圖目錄 圖1-1 研究流程圖----------------------5 圖2-1 基本RFID系統組成架構------------7 圖2-2 手持式Reader-------------------10 圖2-3 固定式Reader-------------------10 圖2-4 個人電腦RS-232連接埠COM--------15 圖2-5 RS-232接腳--------------------15 圖3-1 訊號抵達時間定位法示意圖-------24 圖3-2 雙曲線示意圖-------------------26 圖3-3 訊號抵達角度定位法示意圖-------28 圖3-4 兩個天線做AoA定位--------------28 圖3-5 室內定位RFID讀取器分佈圖-------32 圖3-6 RFID結合Locator之室內定位-----34 圖3-7 Locator接收訊號路徑圖---------36 圖3-8 移動Locator位置方式------------37 圖3-9 Locator重疊區域訊號判讀-------38 圖4-1 整體系統架構圖----------------41 圖4-2 室內定位系統架構圖------------43 圖4-3 室內定位畫面------------------44 圖4-4 RFID Reader-------------------45 圖4-5 RFID Reader設定---------------47 圖4-6 RFID Reader連線測試-----------47 圖4-7 讀取到的Tag資訊----------------48 圖4-8 Locator------------------------48 圖4-9 Locator 設定畫面---------------50 圖4-10 RFID Tag----------------------50 圖4-11 Delphi7開發介面---------------52 圖4-12火災消防資料庫模組-------------53 圖4-13室內定位畫面(一)---------------55 圖4-14室內定位畫面(二)---------------56 圖4-15室內定位求救畫面---------------56 圖4-16資料庫權限設定-----------------57 圖4-17建築物資料維護表---------------57 圖4-18消防員基本資料維護表-----------58 圖4-19 RFID讀取紀錄------------------58 圖4-20消防員出勤紀錄維護表-----------59 圖4-21火災紀錄維護表-----------------59 表目錄 表2-1 RFID Tag等級表---------------------9 表2-2 RFID 工作頻率、優缺點與其應用範圍-12 表2-3 RFID 不同國家所規定之不同UHF頻段--13 表3-1 改善路徑演算法重疊區之解決步驟----40 表4-1 RFID Reader詳細規格---------------46 表4-2 Locator詳細規格-------------------49 表4-3 RFID Tag詳細規格------------------51[[note]]學號: 698370045, 學年度: 9