[[alternative]]Optimum design of power harmonic filter

碩士[[abstract]]為提昇電力品質，減少諧波障礙及合乎諧波管制標準，有諧波障礙用戶大多裝設諧波濾波器以減少諧波電流流入系統並同時改善功因。濾波器的類型大致上分主動式及被動式兩類，但主動式濾波器造價昂貴，構造較複雜，雖消除諧波具有較佳之動態效能。但就成本考量下，因為被動式濾波器具有結構簡單，成本低之優點，大都採用此類型濾波器。本研究以單調式濾波器作為研究之對象，首先分析特性並建立成本函數及各種應用限制條件，然後應用粒子群尋優法進行最佳設計，此方法可獲得全域性最佳解，最後舉出實例驗證本文所提之最佳設計方法之優越性及實用性。[[abstract]]For improving the power quality, mitigating the harmonic damage and agreeing with the regulations of harmonic restriction, most of the power consumers with harmonic problem install the harmonic filters to reduce the harmonic current and improve the power factor simultaneously. In general, two categories of harmonic filter namely passive filter and active filter can be used. The active filter with expensive fabrication cost, and it is relatively complicated construction, although the regulations of harmonic restriction result better, usually adopt the passive filter form, because it is of simple structure, the advantage with low costs adopt the single tuned filter as the target designing it in the article. Firstly, analysis the characteristic and set up the function of cost and various kinds of conditions. Then use particle swarm optimization for searching optimum design, this method can get universe to solve best, put on the optimum design proposed to verify this installation plans of filter of instance finally and have superiority and practicability.[[tableofcontents]]目錄 中文摘要.................................................I 英文摘要................................................II 誌謝...................................................III 目錄....................................................IV 圖索引..................................................VI 表索引................................................XIII 第一章 緒論..............................................1 1.1 研究動機及目的................................1 1.2 相關文獻探討..................................2 1.3 內容簡介......................................3 第二章 諧波來源與因應對策................................4 2.1 前言..........................................4 2.2 諧波源之來源..................................5 2.2.1 諧波源的定義及來源........................5 2.2.2串聯共振及並聯共振.........................8 2.2.3諧波對電力設備的影響......................13 2.3 消除諧波之對策...............................15 2.3.1 消除諧波的方法...........................16 2.3.2 濾波器的種類.............................19 2.3.3 並聯被動式電力諧波濾波器.................24 2.4 台電諧波抑制標準.............................26 2.5 諧波潮流.....................................28 第三章 粒子群尋優法.....................................33 3.1 前言.........................................33 3.2演算法則......................................33 3.3 演算流程.....................................34 3.4 利用粒子群尋優法設計被動式濾波器.............36 第四章 電力諧波器之最佳設計.............................39 4.1 實例說明.....................................39 4.2 最佳設計模式之建立...........................40 4.3模擬結果......................................41 4.4結果探討......................................48 第五章 結論與展望.......................................49 5.1 結論.........................................49 5.2 檢討與未來展望...............................49 參考文獻................................................50 附錄....................................................52 圖索引 圖2.1含3級、5級諧波電壓..................................5 圖2.2含4級、7級諧波電壓..................................6 圖2.3並聯共振之等效電路..................................9 圖2.4串聯共振之等效電路.................................10 圖2.5系統等效阻抗之串並聯共振示意圖.....................11 圖2.6串聯共振點( =300Hz)................................12 圖2.7（a）並聯共振點( =120Hz) ..........................12 圖2.7（b）並聯共振點( =120Hz) ..........................13 圖2.8PWM控制原理圖......................................17 圖2.9PWM控制之振幅比與交流電壓的諧波成分................18 圖2.10高阻抗的LC並聯電路................................19 圖2.11主動式濾波器方塊圖................................20 圖2.12主動式濾波器的原理................................20 圖2.13各型被動式濾波器之電路圖..........................21 圖2.14高通濾波器(High Pass Filter)......................22 圖2.15單(雙)調式濾波器(Single (Double) Tuned Filter)....23 圖2.16諧波相序..........................................29 圖2.17諧波發生時阻抗的變化..............................30 圖2.18整流器之諧波潮流實例..............................32 圖3.1模擬鳥類（粒子）社會化行為的方式...................34 圖3.2利用粒子群尋優法設計濾波器成本最佳化設計之流程圖...38 圖4.1系統單線圖.........................................39 圖4.2訓練3000代，200粒子收斂過程........................42 圖4.3訓練3000代，100粒子收斂過程........................43 圖4.4訓練3000代，50粒子收斂過程.........................44 圖4.5訓練1500代，50粒子收斂過程.........................45 表索引 表2.1整流器電路與諧波....................................7 表2.2受諧波影響的設備...................................14 表2.3諧波所產生的問題...................................15 表2.4用戶注入其責任分界點之諧波電流.....................27 表2.5用戶責任點之諧波電壓...............................28 表4.1負載諧波源各級諧波電流值...........................39 表4.2訓練3000代，200粒子演算結果........................42 表4.3訓練3000代，100粒子演算結果........................43 表4.4訓練3000代，50粒子演算結果.........................44 表4.5訓練1500代，50粒子演算結果.........................45 表4.6濾波前後各次諧波失真率和總諧波失真率比較...........46 表4.7結果比較...........................................47[[note]]學號: 792350232, 學年度: 9