[[alternative]]Investigation of ultralight vehicle airworthiness certification procedure

碩士[[abstract]]超輕航空載具產業是結合科技與航空運動休閒為一體的產業，目前以歐美國家為主體在全世界盛行，近年來我國政府也開始重視其發展，規劃超輕航空載具所牽涉的空域、土地、資金、技術、人才等相關事宜。目前大部分輕型航空器定位為個人休閒運動活動，不需如一般民用航空器之認證程序，這是國內航太業者進入此一市場的利機。 為了使這潛在市場順利成長，完善的相關法規是超輕航載具發展的關鍵，雖已通過立法並建立相關的管理辦法，但對於詳細驗證程序的部份卻仍無頒發。 本研究主要目的即在於由超輕航空載具全球市場趨勢和發展延伸出我國的需求，加上討論比較各類主要適航驗證及相關法規的符合性等問題，來建立一個我國相對對於國際趨勢發展較符合之超輕航載具的適航驗證程序，而提供相關業者及民眾作為進入國際超輕航空領域的一個重要參考和範本。[[abstract]]The ultralight aircraft is the one which combined technology and integrated recreational-sport aviation industry, prevails over the world and mainly in Europe and the United States. In recent years, the authority starts pay much attention to the correspondingly development and rule making, which involved the airspace, land acquired, technology and operational personnel. At present, most of the countries set light sport aircraft to the position for personal sport or recreational purpose, which does not like general aviation need to be certificated. That’s the good niche for our aviation industry to enter the global ultralight market. For the potential ultralight market growing smoothly, a complete rule making is the key point. As broadly of ultralight vehicle operation, the establishment of related management systems has been done, but the detail of ultralight airworthiness certification procedure still hasn’t issue. Due to the global market trends and development to extend our demand, the main objective of this thesis is establish an airworthiness certificate procedure for ultralight vehicle which comply with the international trend development, and provide an important reference model for related industry and the public to entered the international ultralight aviation arena. The comparison with other country’s airworthiness certifications regulations is also included in this article.[[tableofcontents]]目 錄 致謝.............................................................................................................I 中文摘要....................................................................................................II 英文摘要...................................................................................................III 目錄............................................................................................................V 圖目錄........................................................................................................X 表目錄......................................................................................................XI 第一章 緒論.............................................................................................1 1.1研究目的...............................................................................................1 1.2全球超輕航空載具市場介紹..............................................................4 1.2.1 美國市場....................................................................................5 1.2.2 中國大陸....................................................................................7 1.2.3 其它國家....................................................................................9 1.3 我國超輕航空載具產業與發展前景...............................................11 1.3.1國內現有主要超輕載具相關組織...........................................13 1.3.2 國內市場及相關產業動向......................................................17 第二章 適航驗證..................................................................................19 2.1適航驗證之定義................................................................................19 2.2 現今主要航空器安全與適航驗證...................................................21 2.2.1 國際民航組織附約八............................................................22 2.2.2 美國聯邦航空管理局FAA....................................................23 2.2.3 歐洲聯合航空總署JAA........................................................25 2.2.4我國民航組織與適航驗證體系.............................................27 2.2.5 中國大陸................................................................................32 2.2.6雙邊適航驗證.........................................................................33 2.3 各類航空器適航驗證.......................................................................37 2.4 適航驗證探討結語...........................................................................42 第三章 超輕航空載具法規介紹與比較 ............................................43 3.1各主要相關法規................................................................................43 3.1.1 美國超輕航空載具相關法規................................................43 3.1.2歐洲超輕航空載具相關法規.................................................52 3.1.3其他國家相關法規.................................................................56 3.2 我國超輕航空載具法規...................................................................59 3.3 綜合比較............................................................................................62 3.3.1總則與參數限制.....................................................................62 3.3.2活動空域範圍.........................................................................66 3.3.3飛行操作安全限制.................................................................68 3.4 整體比較結論...................................................................................70 第四章 超輕航空載具驗證程序 ........................................................71 4.1前言.....................................................................................................71 4.2 設計程序............................................................................................72 4.2.1 總則.........................................................................................72 4.2.2重量設計.................................................................................73 4.2.3飛行性能設計.........................................................................74 4.2.4結構的設計.............................................................................74 4.2.5施工設計.................................................................................75 4.2.6動力系統安裝設計.................................................................75 4.2.7其他裝備設計.........................................................................76 4.3 製造層面............................................................................................76 4.3.1結構.........................................................................................77 4.3.1.1機翼零組件................................................................78 4.3.1.2機身組合件................................................................79 4.3.1.3機尾/前翼...................................................................81 4.3.1.4 起落架.......................................................................82 4.3.2 螺旋槳....................................................................................83 4.4 動力系統與燃油系統.......................................................................85 4.4.1發動機.....................................................................................85 4.4.1.1廢氣排放系統............................................................85 4.4.1.2風扇冷卻系統............................................................86 4.4.1.3減速齒輪....................................................................86 4.4.2 燃油系統................................................................................88 4.4.3 電力系統................................................................................89 4.5飛行能力.............................................................................................89 4.5.1滑行測試.................................................................................90 4.5.2 飛行測試................................................................................91 4.5.3後續飛行測試.........................................................................93 4.6文件資料及流程................................................................................95 4.6.1檢驗流程.................................................................................97 4.6.2其它.......................................................................................102 4.7 檢驗程序表格.................................................................................102 4.8 建立程序探討.................................................................................109 第五章 結論與建議............................................................................114 參考文獻.................................................................................................117 網站索引.................................................................................................120 附錄一.....................................................................................................122 附錄二.....................................................................................................131 附錄三.....................................................................................................135 附錄四.....................................................................................................136 圖目錄 圖1-1 國內超輕航空活動場地分布情形..............................................16 圖2-1 我國適航組織關係系統..............................................................30 圖2-2 ICAO Annex 7 航空器分類圖示..............................................37 圖4-1 國內製造廠設計製造之超輕型載具驗證流程..........................98 圖4-2 國內個人自行設計製造載具驗證流程圖................................100 圖4-3 國外進口超輕型載具驗證流程圖............................................101 表目錄 表1-1 超輕航空載具國際市場潛在需求................................................5 表1-2 日本超輕航機相關組織..............................................................11 表1-3 國內超輕型載具未來10年市場................................................13 表1-4我國超輕航載具製造產業SWOT分析......................................18 表2-1 特殊類適航檢定證之分類..........................................................40 表3-1世界各國超輕型載具之規定.......................................................62 表3-2中華民國、美國聯邦、歐洲聯合超輕航空法之比較...............64 表3-3 VLA與FAR-23相異處...............................................................65 表3-4 超輕航機飛航規範法規比較表..................................................68 表4-1 本研究建立之我國超輕型航空載具適航驗證流程表格........103 表4-2 我國申請執行驗證所應附之文件資料....................................109[[note]]學號: 694370114, 學年度: 9