[[alternative]]China's maritime security interactions with the U.S.

碩士[[abstract]]近年中美頻繁的軍事交流背後，是持續而深化的海事安全交流。在2006年9月及11月，中美兩國海軍首次舉行海上聯合搜救演習。同年6月11日的下午，二次大戰結束後，首艘訪華的美國國土安全部海岸防衛隊主力執法船”急流（USCGC Rush －WHEC 723）” 號，即抵達青島港，進行為期5天的友好訪問。這兩個看似獨立的事件，都同屬於「綜合性安全」領域的海事安全交流。 中美海事安全交流有近卅年歷史。有人認為崛起的中國，將和美國形成新的冷戰局面。但中美穩健的海事安全交流，卻是當年美蘇冷戰時期所罕見的。中美的海事安全交流，最早可回溯至1979年5月8日的《中美海洋和漁業科技議定書》。而後幾年所建立的海事安全合作基礎，每每為擺盪的中美關係，發揮關鍵的調節作用。1998年1月17日兩國所簽訂的《海上軍事磋商協定（Military Maritime Consultation Agreement, MMCA）》，即為2001年中美軍機擦撞事件所形成的軍事交流低潮期，帶來一線曙光。而1993年所簽定的中美《關於有效合作和執行聯合國大會46/215號決議的諒解備忘錄》，則催化了今日中美豐富的海事安全合作。 中美海事安全交流自從兩國建交開始，即不斷發揮調節中美關係的功能。正逐步邁向海洋的中共，不得不與同屬亞太大國的美國合作。而美國為強化反恐力道，建構全球反恐戰略，亦不得不與中共合作。中共透過海洋行政執法機關及海軍，與同樣具有海上非傳統安全領域反恐需求的美國，進行交流與合作，以借鑑其豐富的海事經驗與強大的海事力量。一方面穩固中美兩國關係，一方面則彌補自身海事安全能力的不足。中國將會從中獲得豐碩的利益。[[abstract]]In recent years, the Sino-US maritime security exchanges, which are behind the frequent Sino-US military exchanges, have continued to expand. The China and U.S. Navy held Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) exercises in September and November of 2006. On June 11, 2006, the Honolulu-based U.S. Coast Guard cutter RUSH (USCGC WHWC 723) conducted a 5-day friendly visit to Qingdao, a coastal city in east China. Both events in the same year seem to be unrelated to each other. However, the nature of both events can be characterized as maritime security exchanges in the field of Comprehensive Security. China and the U.S. have conducted maritime security exchanges since the 1970s. Many believe that a rising China would lead to a higher possibility of a new Cold War against the U.S.. However, sound maritime security exchanges like those currently ongoing between China and the U.S. had barely occurred between the Soviet Union and the U.S. in the Cold War. The Sino-US maritime security exchanges can be traced back to the US-China Protocol on Maritime and Fishery Science and Technology signed on May 8, 1979. Afterwards, some similar maritime protocols signed by both sides contributed a great deal to Sino-US relations. For instance, the Military Maritime Consultation Agreement (MMCA) signed by China and the U.S. on January 17, 1998 corroborated bilateral relations. So that they underwent the hard times caused by China-US Air Collision Incident in 2001. Moreover, Memorandum of Understanding between the United States and the PRC on Effect Cooperation and Implementation of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 46/215 signed in 1993 facilitated the current robust Sino-US cooperation in the field of maritime security exchanges. The Sino-US maritime security exchanges have been playing a key role to the Sino-US relations since the establishment of their formal diplomatic ties. From China’s perspective, China has to work together with the U.S., which has great influence in the Asia-Pacific area, in order to become a maritime nation. From the U.S. perspective, it is necessary to cooperate with China to complete its global anti-terror strategy. By making use of the Chinese maritime law enforcement agencies and the Navy forces, China has been successfully conducting exchanges and cooperation with the U.S. side. On the other hand, the U.S. also has a great need to exercise maritime security exchanges to improve anti-terror capability. China expects to gain the knowledge of the U.S. experiences of maritime affairs, and observe the mighty US maritime strength. Additionally, by going through these maritime security exchanges, China not only will be able to stabilize the relations with the U.S., but also can enhance his own straggling maritime security capability. To sum up, China will benefit greatly from the maritime security exchanges and cooperation with the U.S..[[tableofcontents]]第一章、緒論...............................................1 第一節 研究動機...........................................1 第二節 文獻回顧...........................................2 第三節 研究目的..........................................12 第四節 名詞界說..........................................12 第五節 研究途徑與方法....................................23 第六節 研究範圍與限制....................................25 第七節 研究架構與章節安排................................27 第二章、中共維護海事安全能力..............................31 第一節、當前的中共海洋利益及面臨之威脅....................31 第二節、中共維護海事安全能力的現況........................36 第三節、中共對美海事交流合作的需求........................52 第四節、小結..............................................57 第三章、美國維護海事安全能力..............................59 第一節、美國在西太平洋地區海洋利益面臨威脅................59 第二節、美國維護海事安全能力現況..........................63 第三節、部分對華海事交流合作的需求........................75 第四節、小結..............................................79 第四章、中美海事安全及軍事交流............................80 第一節、建交10年間海事安全交流與軍事交流發展..............80 第二節、冷戰後期中美海事安全交流與軍事交流發展............83 第三節、911事件後的海事安全交流與軍事交流發展.............89 第四節、中美海事安全交流特徵..............................98 第五節、小結.............................................102 第五章、合作與矛盾.......................................104 第一節、美國擺盪中前進的對華政策.........................104 第二節、中共上兵伐謀的對美手段...........................106 第三節、影響中美海事安全交流的兩個作用力.................107 第四節、未來趨向－合作成目前主軸.........................114 第五節、小結.............................................119 第六章、結論.............................................120 第一節、研究發現.........................................121 第二節、未來研究建議.....................................127 附錄一、參考書目.........................................129 附錄二、大事年表.........................................134 表圖目錄 表次 表1-1、美國與中共均認同且已簽署之海事安全相關國際規範......4 表1-2、中共頒布海洋相關法律、法規..........................5 表1-3、「安全」的分類與比較...............................14 表1-4、新威脅認知之方法途徑...............................15 表1-5、新的安全觀之分類與比較.............................17 表2-1、中國海監總隊所轄單位及船舶.........................42 表2-2、「十五」計畫第一期海監船舶的造艦計畫...............46 表2-3、「十五」計畫新式海洋救助船舶造艦計畫...............48 表3-1、美國海岸防衛隊組織發展歷程表.......................71 圖次 圖1-1、流程圖.............................................29 圖1-2、邏輯圖.............................................30 圖2-1、南韓離於島綜合海洋科學基地.........................34 圖2-2、2006年中共主要海洋產業總產值構成圖.................40 圖2-3、”海巡31”艦.......................................47 圖2-4、”中國海警1001（浦東）”艦.........................47 圖2-5、”中國海警1003”艦.................................49 圖2-6、西沙海上救助基地...................................51 圖3-1、深水計畫架構圖.....................................73 圖3-2、P-8「海神」多工海上飛機想像圖......................74 圖4-1、”美洲杉”號遠洋浮標供應船.........................95 圖4-2、”急流”號執法船於2006年6月11日訪問青島............95 圖4-3、”鮑特韋爾”號執法船於2007年8月16日訪問上海........96 圖4-4、中美海事安全互動示意圖.............................98 圖5-1、美國對華政策示意圖................................104 圖5-2、影響美國對華政策之國內族群........................105 圖5-3、中美海事安全發展趨勢圖............................115 圖5-4、中共於南沙所據渚碧礁新建雷達站....................118[[note]]學號: 794260082, 學年度: 9