Breed-related gastrointestinal diseases in dogs and cats

Bolesti probavnog sustava imaju za posljedicu brojne poremećaje koji se odnose na funkciju probave, apsorpcije, pasaže hrane kroz gastrointestinalni trakt i ostale funkcije. Najčešći simptomi poremećaja gastrointestinalnog sustava su: povraćanje, regurgitacija, proljev, bol i napinjanje pri defekaciji te krv ili sluz u fecesu. U većine gastrointestinalnih pacijenata kliničaru je dovoljno obaviti osnovne kliničke i laboratorijske pretrage kako bi došao do dijagnoze, no ponekad je potrebno provesti i dodatne dijagnostičke pretrage poput endoskopije, rentgenske pretrage ili dijagnostičke laparotomije. Bitno je napomenuti da određeni patološki procesi mogu zahvatiti više segmenata gastrointestinalnog sustava. Razumijevanje i prepoznavanje povezanosti pasmine i određene bolesti je važno iz nekoliko razloga. Potrebno je povezati određenu pasminu psa ili mačke s pojavnošću određenih bolesti, jer to znatno pomaže kliničaru u utvrđivanju diferencijalnih dijagnoza te smanjuje popis mogućih skupih i invazivnih dijagnostičkih testova i metoda. Poznavanje pasminskih predispozicija određene bolesti probavnog sustava pomaže veterinaru u poboljšanju davanja savjeta vlasnicima pasa i mačaka.Consequences of gastrointestinal disor- ders are digestive disorders, absorption, food passage through the gastrointestinal tract and other malfunctions. The most common symp- toms of gastrointestinal disorders are vomit- ing, regurgitation, pain, blood and mucilage in faeces. For the veterinarian, in most cases it is sufficient to perform basic clinical and labo- ratory tests to reach a diagnosis, although in some cases it is necessary to conduct addition- al diagnostic tests such as endoscopy, radio- graphic examination or diagnostic laparatomy. This Master’s thesis describes specific breed- related gastrointestinal disorders in dogs and cats. The most common gastrointestinal disor- ders are presented (oropharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon and anorectum). Understanding and recognizing breed associations is important for several reasons. Known or suspected associations help guide the clinician in considering a list of reason- able differential diagnoses, and in narrowing down the list of costly or invasive diagnostic tests. Knowledge of breed predispositions as- sists veterinarians in providing advice to pet owners and aspiring pet owners. Although a specific genetic deficiency may not be treat- able, knowledge of underlying pathogenesis may help to develop better therapies, even if nonspecific, thereby improving the patient ́s long-term prognosis