A influência do estilo de vida no estado nutricional de idosos: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Introduction: Lifestyle is described as a pattern of behavior that can have effects on health and is related to aspects that reflect attitudes, values, and opportunities. Goal: To conduct a systematic review of published articles on the influence of lifestyle on the nutritional status of elderly people. Materials and Methods: Published articles found in three research databases, namely, Lilacs, PubMed, and SciELO, were analyzed. After searching for descriptors, abstracts were peer-selected in two phases, by two readers each. Bias analysis was conducted using a validated protocol (Newcastle-Ottawa), which has been adapted for cross-sectional studies. Results: Eight articles were identified in the systematic review. Most of the papers were published in 2013. From the analyzed articles, four lifestyle factors were found to be significantly associated with the nutritional status of elderly people. The studies included in the review employed the Mini Nutritional Assessment, the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form, and the criterion of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People to assess nutritional status. Discussion: Some of the lifestyle factors found to be significant protectors of nutritional status were regular consumption of alcohol, habitual physical activity, and leisure. Factors with a negative influence were smoking and sedentarism. Conclusion: The study identified the influence of lifestyle factors (physical activity, alcohol, smoking, and leisure) on the nutritional status of elderly people.Introdução: O estilo de vida é caracterizado como um padrão de comportamento que pode ter efeito na saúde e está relacionado a aspectos que refletem atitudes, valores e oportunidades. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática de artigos publicados sobre a influência do estilo de vida no estado nutricional de idosos. Materiais e Métodos: Foram pesquisados artigos publicados em três bases de pesquisa, Lilacs, Pubmed e Scielo. Após a busca dos descritores foi realizada seleção dos resumos por pares em duas fases por dois leitores em cada uma. Análise do risco de viés foi realizada através de protocolo validado (Newcastle-Ottawa). Esse foi adaptado para estudos transversais. Resultados: Durante a revisão sistemática foram identificados 8 artigos. Houve um maior número de trabalhos publicados em 2013. Do total de artigos analisados, foram identificados quatro fatores do estilo de vida significativamente associados ao estado nutricional do idoso. Os estudos incluídos na revisão utilizaram como ferramentas para avaliação do estado nutricional, Mini Nutritional Assessment, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form e o critério European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Discussão: Alguns dos fatores de estilo de vida que foram identificados significativamente como protetores para o estado nutricional, foram: consumo usual de álcool, atividade física habitual e lazer. Outros fatores com interferência negativa são o tabagismo e sedentarismo. Conclusão: O presente estudo identificou a existência de influência dos fatores de estilo de vida (atividade física, álcool, tabagismo, lazer) no estado nutricional de indivíduos idosos. ABSTRACT The lifestyle influence the nutritional status of the elderly: a systematic literature reviewIntroduction: Lifestyle is described as a pattern of behavior that can have effects on health and is related to aspects that reflect attitudes, values, and opportunities. Goal: To conduct a systematic review of published articles on the influence of lifestyle on the nutritional status of elderly people. Materials and Methods: Published articles found in three research databases, namely, Lilacs, PubMed, and SciELO, were analyzed. After searching for descriptors, abstracts were peer-selected in two phases, by two readers each. Bias analysis was conducted using a validated protocol (Newcastle-Ottawa), which has been adapted for cross-sectional studies. Results: Eight articles were identified in the systematic review. Most of the papers were published in 2013. From the analyzed articles, four lifestyle factors were found to be significantly associated with the nutritional status of elderly people. The studies included in the review employed the Mini Nutritional Assessment, the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form, and the criterion of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People to assess nutritional status. Discussion: Some of the lifestyle factors found to be significant protectors of nutritional status were regular consumption of alcohol, habitual physical activity, and leisure. Factors with a negative influence were smoking and sedentarism. Conclusion: The study identified the influence of lifestyle factors (physical activity, alcohol, smoking, and leisure) on the nutritional status of elderly people