Behavioral Analysis of Learning and Memory in Cephalopods

Many aspects of cephalopods' learning and memory capabilities are still puzzling, despite the large number of studies carried out on the subject over the past century. For example, what do cephalopods need to learn about in the wild? Does context influence the degree of learning in captivity? Do personality traits affect performance? Which are the memory dynamics and the biological machinery involved in memory consolidation and retention?Here we review the wealth of knowledge on learning and memory in cephalopods, from the classical studies to the most recent advancements. Cephalopods' special properties (complex behavior, relatively large brain, simple neural organization) give us the unique opportunity to study the molecular, cellular, and behavioral basis of learning, gaining insights on the evolution of complex nervous systems