用於含太陽能與蓄電池儲能之社區型微電網住宅型用戶電能消耗評估之模型與控制方式開發;Development of the models and controls of community microgrids with PV and battery energy storage for the assessment of residential-type users’ electric power consumption

[[abstract]]國內電能消耗主要可分為工業電力、農業電力、商業電力及住宅電力等，影響能量消耗主要為經濟發展、氣候因素及人口規模等因素，使得電能消耗量逐漸上升。在經濟上，發展大型重工業皆需消耗大量之能源，電能消耗量也隨之增加。人民生活日常上也與電能消耗息息相關，以一般住宅用戶來說，因人口逐漸增加及天氣改變，導致家電用品之需求(如空調)提升，使得電能消耗節節上升。由於一般住宅之電能需求皆由傳統能源(市電)提供，但傳統能源與住宅屬單一電力潮流，如果市電端無法藉由升級系統來因應逐漸增加之負載需求時，可能導致住宅用戶面臨限電或停電危機。因此藉由引進社區型微電網系統，使其與市電端共同對用戶負載供電，可降低上述問題發生之可能。再則，社區型微電網由再生能源發電、儲能系統及控制系統組成，可監測負載、市電及再生能源與儲能系統之電量，且在其運轉下用戶能有效獲得較經濟的電能供應。在微電網技術研究中，為節省在實體系統進行測試所需耗費之成本，以及減少因技術不確定性所造成之不便，可透過系統模擬之方法來驗證，相關方法技術實現在真實系統之可行性。本論文以國內實際社區型微電網系統為範例，首先建立包括再生能源設施、儲能系統、市電端與用戶端網路及電能轉換器控制器等模型，並提出一協調控制策略。緊接，採用即時模擬技術來解決以往離線模擬所產生之相關限制。再則，透過全系統模擬，在併網、孤島與限電等運轉模式與情境下進行電能模擬分析；此外本論文也加入負載預測之設計，增加模擬系統之功能性。最終，經由所建立之模擬系統用於社區型微電網住宅用戶電量評估，相關模擬結果除可看出社區型微電網運轉所帶來之電費節省效益，更能驗證本論文所提建模方法與控制策略之有效性。 Domestic energy consumption is mainly divided into industrial power, agricultural power, commercial power and residential power, etc. Economic development, climatic factors and population size are common factors which influence the energy consumption and bring on gradual increase of energy consumption. In the economy, the development of heavy industry is required to consume so much energy that the energy consumption increases as well. People's daily life is also closely related to energy consumption. For the general residential users, the gradual increase in load demand will lead to power outage crisis. Therefore, the above problems can be reduced after the community-based micro-grid which is composed of renewable energy generation, storage and control system incorporated into the system. Furthermore, the community-based micro-grid not only can monitor the load demand and power supply but also it can save customers money and utilize energy more efficiently at the same time. To save the cost of testing on physical system, we could verify the feasibility of the proposed method through the system simulations.This thesis analyzes the cases based on actual community-based micro-grid system with construction of renewable energy sources, storage system and controller models and proposes some controlling strategies. Moreover, real-time simulation techniques are used to resolve limitations of off-line simulations and simulation analysis is implemented in condition of grid mode and island mode and limiting power, etc. In the thesis, load forecasting is also executed to extend the functions of simulation system. With the implementation of system simulations, the results show that it not only brings economic benefit for customers but also validate the efficiency of the proposed methods and controlling strategies