Determination of Data required for Consideration of non-CO2 Effects of Aviation in EU-ETS and CORSIA

This final report summarizes the results of work package 2 and work package 3.1 within six sections. After the introduction (Section 1) direct emissions of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels are pre-sented (Section 2). Main combustion products are CO2 and H2O, which are directly proportional to the fuel flow. If sulfur is contained in the fuel, all sulfur is oxidized to sulfur dioxide during the combustion. Secondary combustion emissions (Section 3), like nitrogen oxides (NOX) and non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM), are strongly dependent on the type and operating condition of the aircraft engine. Therefore more complex methods are required to establish the amount of these species, emitted by an aircraft engine. The most commonly used methods for calculating NOX and nvPM are briefly summa-rized in this report. In Section 4, potential ways to reduce the amount of data required to estimate the climate impact of non-CO2 emissions are discussed. To quantify the effect of these simplification pro-cedures on the more complex climate metrics proposed for including non-CO2 effects in emission trad-ing systems, more detailed analyses, based on a larger number of actual or modeled flight missions will be needed. Section 5 presents the existing framework conditions for monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) for aircraft operators for the EU ETS and the newly established CORSIA for compli-ance purposes. Performing the administrative tasks required – such as collecting data, processing it, or carrying out relevant but non-data related activities – imposes a financial burden on aircraft opera-tors in terms of staff resources allocated but also direct costs paid to third-parties for relevant services delivered. Based on a breakdown of the cyclical MRV process into discrete steps, current practice compliance costs under the EU-ETS and anticipated compliance costs under CORSIA are estimated for three aircraft operator size categories: small ( 2’000’000 tCO2). The inclusion of non-CO2 climate species into existing climate protecting measures like the EU ETS or CORSIA will lead to additional administrative efforts and costs for aircraft operators (Section 6). The level of these additional expenses will be strongly depending on the method to estimate CO2 equivalents (eqCO2)