End of the fourth International Polar Year

The fourth International Polar Year (IPY) officially came to an end on 14 and 15 May 2009 with a symposium organized jointly by the Collège de France and OPECST (the French parliamentary committee for the evaluation of scientific and technological choices). Many scientists and political actors, invited by Professor Édouard Bard and Senator Christian Gaudin, emphasized the success of the IPY, including the creation of at least 200 international multidisciplinary research projects, entirely dev..