Histoire de la construction nationale jordanienne

State political consciousness has only developed very gradually since the establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan. Formerly, the country was an integral part of Bilad al-Sham. Life was focused on its tribes, families and villages and there were no towns, unlike in Palestine and Syria. After the withdrawal of the Ottoman army, all Jordanian tribal leaders proclaimed Emir Faisal as King of Greater Syria in March 1920, yet they were unwilling to unite and the so-called Um Qais accord of 2 September 1920 only united the leaders of the North. In 1927 the true early stages of awareness of the Jordanian political entity coincided with the formation of the Jordanian People’s Party which brought together Jordanian intellectuals and tribal leaders. On July 25, 1928, the Party organized the first Jordanian National Congress in Amman, which drew up the first Jordanian National Charter. At that time, Emir Abdullah and Jordanian intellectuals were primarily pan-Arab. Jordanian parliamentary life became truly rich and active after independence was granted in 1946 through a highly controversial alliance treaty with Great Britain. However, the ban on political parties from 1957 and the submission of the country to martial law upset politics and weakened national unity in the country. Jordanian citizens renewed their loyalty to their tribes, villages and regions and other close sympathies. With the formation of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964, the future of Jordanian-Palestinian unity began to be studied in earnest. The Fatah organization, founded in 1965, tried to break this unity by discouraging Palestinians from showing loyalty to Jordan. After the victory of Jordanian forces in September 1970 against the Fedayeen, the government and army were purged of Palestinian elements. These Palestinians went to make their fortune in the Gulf, and upon their return to Jordan in 1991, they exercised anti-Jordanian segregation during recruitment. To restore fraternity and friendship between Jordanians and Palestinians in the country, Jordan needs the establishment of a democratic regime based on true equality of all before the law, and which punishes any tribal, regional or sectarian partisanship