Children as Transgressors in Urban Space

In the 19th century, the “dangerous child” began to occupy a significant place in international public opinion and entered the agenda of elites and states. There was public anxiety about poor children occupying newly expanding urban public spaces, when, according to middle class opinion, they should be in school, family home, farm, factory or workshop. In the Ottoman case, although urbanization and industrialization was not at a level comparable to that of European states, Ottoman reformers a..