From rowdy cartels to organized ones? The transfer of power in urban water supply in Kenya

“Pro-poor is a bottom up approach which ensures participation by low-income consumers in water provisioning issues……. It promotes a sense of ownership among such consumers leading to the reduction of vandalism of infrastructure and removes cartels who hitherto were exploiting consumers, thereby making water affordable”. This is a stereotyped version of the answer that officials of water utility companies give to my question “why pro-poor?”, a question that marks the conversations I have with ..