Add to ORKGThis paper provides an equation called the pricing kernel equation, which relates the subjective probability distribution on an arbitrary asset price to the risk-neutral probability distribution. It claims that the subjective probability distribution is priced by a static option portfolio, in which the weight of an option is determined by the level of the pricing kernel. As an application, we propose a new method for estimating empirical pricing kernels. Another application is to extract subjective probabilities and fundamental statistics from option prices. These examples show that the pricing kernel equation can be a versatile tool for various applications